PDF Notes: Prelims Wallah Static : Indian Economy ~ Notices ~ Notices

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    What is microeconomics?

    Studies individual agents' decisions on resource allocation.

    What causes scarcity of resources?

    Limited supply cannot meet all human needs.

    What is opportunity cost?

    Value of the next best alternative forgone.

    How does a market economy function?

    Prices and production are driven by supply and demand.

    What distinguishes a command economy?

    Government directs most economic decisions.

    What is the law of demand?

    Higher prices lead to lower demand for goods.

    What happens to demand for inferior goods when income rises?

    Demand decreases as consumers prefer better substitutes.

    What defines Giffen goods?

    Demand increases as prices rise, contrary to normal demand.

    What is the Veblen effect?

    Higher demand for luxury goods as their prices increase.

    What is elasticity of demand?

    Measures responsiveness of quantity demanded to price changes.

    What is total utility?

    Overall satisfaction from all units consumed.

    What does the marginal rate of substitution represent?

    Rate at which one good is traded for another at constant utility.

    What is the significance of the indifference curve?

    Represents combinations of goods yielding equal satisfaction.

    What shifts the demand curve?

    Changes in income, prices of related goods, and preferences.

    What is a budget line?

    Represents combinations of goods purchasable with fixed income.

    What is the optimal choice of a consumer?

    Point where the budget line is tangent to the highest indifference curve.