PDF Notes: s7

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    What is a genome?

    The complete genetic material of an organism.

    How do eukaryotic genomes differ from prokaryotic genomes?

    Eukaryotic genomes are linear and typically diploid, while prokaryotic genomes are circular and haploid.

    What is the role of DNA in cells?

    Stores genetic information necessary for cellular functions.

    What characterizes prokaryotic chromosomes?

    They are usually circular and exist in a single copy.

    What are plasmids?

    Small, circular DNA molecules that replicate independently of chromosomal DNA.

    What is the significance of histones in eukaryotic chromosomes?

    Histones help package DNA into a compact structure within the nucleus.

    What happens during DNA replication?

    New strands are formed using one original and one new strand.

    What is the difference between leading and lagging strands in DNA replication?

    Leading strands are synthesized continuously, while lagging strands are synthesized in fragments.

    What is the function of DNA polymerase III?

    It adds nucleotides to the growing DNA strand during replication.

    What type of nucleic acid do eukaryotic chromosomes contain?

    Linear double-stranded DNA.

    What is the structure of extranuclear DNA in eukaryotes?

    Circular DNA found in mitochondria and chloroplasts.

    What is the implication of semiconservative replication?

    Each new DNA molecule contains one old and one new strand.