human bio chapter 7 infections

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    What defines a pathogen?

    Pathogens can cause disease in the host organism.

    What are communicable diseases?

    Diseases that can be transmitted from one person to another.

    How do bacteria differ from viruses?

    Bacteria are unicellular organisms; viruses require a host to replicate.

    What is the role of the immune system?

    To protect the body from foreign organisms and restore homeostasis.

    What is phagocytosis?

    The process by which phagocytes engulf and digest pathogens.

    What is the function of antibodies?

    To bind to antigens and neutralize or destroy pathogens.

    What happens during inflammation?

    Increased blood flow and permeability help isolate and eliminate pathogens.

    What is the difference between active and passive immunity?

    Active immunity involves the body producing antibodies; passive immunity involves receiving antibodies from another source.

    What is herd immunity?

    Protection of a population when a high percentage is immune to a disease.

    What are the types of vaccines?

    Live attenuated, inactivated, toxoid, and sub-unit vaccines.

    What is the primary response in immunity?

    The initial immune response to a first exposure to an antigen.

    What is the role of helper T-cells?

    To stimulate B-cells and enhance the immune response.

    What are antibiotics used for?

    To treat bacterial infections by killing bacteria or inhibiting their growth.

    What is antibiotic resistance?

    When bacteria evolve to survive despite the presence of antibiotics.

    What is the function of the lymphatic system?

    To collect excess fluid and play a role in immune responses.

    What is the significance of memory cells?

    They allow for a faster immune response upon re-exposure to the same antigen.