PDF Notes: Cells and Organisms_ (3) (1)

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    What is science?

    Systematic study of the natural world through observation and experimentation.

    How does culture influence science?

    Cultural values shape research priorities and technology use.

    What defines life?

    Ability to grow, reproduce, and adapt to the environment.

    What are biotic factors?

    Living organisms and their interactions in an ecosystem.

    What are abiotic factors?

    Non-living elements that influence living organisms.

    How do biotic and abiotic factors differ?

    Biotic factors are living; abiotic factors are non-living.

    What are the main characteristics of life?

    Cellular organization, growth, reproduction, response to stimuli, homeostasis.

    What is cellular organization?

    All living organisms are made of cells, the basic units of life.

    What is homeostasis?

    Maintenance of a stable internal environment despite external changes.

    What is the difference between sexual and asexual reproduction?

    Sexual involves two parents; asexual involves one parent.

    What is the Tree of Life?

    Model showing evolutionary relationships among all species.

    What are the three domains of life?

    Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya.

    What is the Cell Theory?

    All living things are made of cells; cells are the basic unit of life.

    What distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?

    Prokaryotes lack a nucleus; eukaryotes have a true nucleus.

    What are the main differences between plant and animal cells?

    Plant cells have cell walls and chloroplasts; animal cells do not.

    What is the function of mitochondria?

    Site of cellular respiration, producing energy for the cell.

    What role do ribosomes play in cells?

    They synthesize proteins by linking amino acids.

    What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

    Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion.

    What is the role of chloroplasts?

    Convert sunlight into chemical energy through photosynthesis.

    What is the purpose of vacuoles?

    Storage of substances like nutrients and waste.

    What is the significance of lysosomes?

    Digest and break down waste materials in the cell.

    What is science?

    Systematic study of the natural world through observation and experimentation.

    How does culture influence science?

    Cultural values shape research priorities and technology use.

    What defines life?

    Ability to grow, reproduce, and adapt to the environment.

    What are biotic factors?

    Living organisms and their interactions in an ecosystem.

    What are abiotic factors?

    Non-living elements like temperature and sunlight affecting organisms.

    What are the main characteristics of life?

    Cellular organization, growth, reproduction, response to stimuli, homeostasis.

    What is cellular organization?

    All living organisms are made of cells, the smallest functional units of life.

    What is the difference between sexual and asexual reproduction?

    Sexual involves two parents; asexual involves one parent and produces identical offspring.

    What is homeostasis?

    Maintenance of a stable internal environment despite external changes.

    What is the Tree of Life?

    Model showing evolutionary relationships among all species.

    What are the three domains of life?

    Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.

    What is the Cell Theory?

    All living things are made of cells, the basic unit of life, and cells come from pre-existing cells.

    What distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?

    Prokaryotes lack a nucleus; eukaryotes have a true nucleus.

    What is the function of mitochondria?

    Performs cellular respiration to produce energy.

    What is the role of chloroplasts?

    Converts sunlight into sugars through photosynthesis.

    What is the difference between plant and animal cells?

    Plant cells have a cell wall and chloroplasts; animal cells do not.

    What is the function of ribosomes?

    Builds proteins by linking amino acids together.

    What is the role of the Golgi apparatus?

    Packages and distributes proteins and lipids.

    What is the function of lysosomes?

    Digests and breaks down waste materials in the cell.

    What is the purpose of vacuoles?

    Stores nutrients and waste products in the cell.