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A technology for mapping using laser pulses to measure distances.
LiDAR collects 3D data continuously, while photogrammetry requires daylight and complex processes.
It provides high accuracy in elevation measurements regardless of weather conditions.
Includes a laser scanner, GPS, and an inertial measurement unit (IMU).
It reflects the highest points like tree canopies and buildings.
It captures the ground level for creating a bare earth dataset.
They allow for detailed analysis of vegetation and ground features.
It determines the precise location of the aircraft during data collection.
It may obscure ground measurements, complicating terrain analysis.
Can exceed 200,000 pulses per second.
They have minimal effect due to the active nature of the system.
To ensure accuracy by correcting alignment and measurement errors.
DTM represents bare earth, while DSM includes all surface features.
Urban planning, flood management, and archaeological documentation.
It measures the aircraft's orientation to improve data accuracy.
It affects the penetration ability into different materials, like water.
Involves filtering, classification, and generating point clouds.
Typically ranges from 200 m to 5000 m above ground level.
Include measurement noise, atmospheric effects, and processing inaccuracies.