PDF Notes: IR EXAM 2 Study Guide

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    What distinguishes absolute gains from relative gains?

    Absolute gains focus on growth over time within a single country.

    What was the Boer War?

    A conflict between Britain and Dutch settlers in South Africa.

    What does the term bourgeoisie refer to?

    The owner class, typically the wealthiest 1-10%.

    What was established by the Bretton Woods system?

    A framework for international economic order after World War II.

    What does Brexit signify?

    The UK's withdrawal from the European Union.

    What does the Cape to Cairo concept represent?

    A vision for linking southern and northern Africa through trade.

    What does the cobweb concept describe?

    An interconnected world with multiple actors beyond states.

    What are core states?

    Wealthy, developed countries in the global system.

    What is a common market?

    A free trade zone with no tariffs across member states.

    What was the purpose of Desert Shield?

    To deter Iraqi aggression and protect Saudi Arabia.

    What was Operation Desert Storm?

    The combat phase of the Gulf War following Desert Shield.

    What does détente refer to?

    The easing of Cold War tensions between the U.S. and the USSR.

    What did the European Community (EC) evolve into?

    The European Union (EU).

    What was the ECSC's role?

    To manage coal and steel production among member states.

    What was the EEC's main goal?

    To create a common market among European nations.

    What does the term epiphenomenal mean in Marxist theory?

    Global politics are secondary reflections of economic conditions.

    What does Euratom manage?

    Atomic energy within European states.

    What is false consciousness?

    When subordinate classes adopt the ideology of the dominant class.

    What was the significance of the Fashoda Incident?

    A diplomatic standoff between Britain and France in Sudan.

    What are the Four Freedoms?

    Goods, services, capital, and labor without restrictions.

    What defines a great power?

    A state with significant global influence and capabilities.

    Who was Grotius?

    A jurist who laid the foundation for modern international law.

    What is a hegemon?

    A dominant power in international relations.

    What does IAEA stand for?

    International Atomic Energy Agency.

    What are IGOs?

    Intergovernmental organizations formed by sovereign states.

    What is the difference between intentions and capabilities in international relations?

    Realists focus solely on capabilities, while institutionalists consider both.

    What is imperialism?

    The extension of a nation's power over weaker territories.

    What did Kant propose for global peace?

    A federation of free, republican states.

    What was the Kellogg-Briand Pact?

    An agreement to renounce war as a national policy.

    Who are Keohane and Nye?

    Influential theorists who challenged traditional realism.

    What was the League of Nations?

    An organization aimed at promoting international cooperation post-WWI.

    Who was Lenin?

    The first leader of the Soviet Union and a Marxist theorist.

    What does the Long Peace refer to?

    The period of no major wars between great powers from 1815 to 1914.

    What does materialism focus on?

    The economic conditions of society.

    What is Marx's view on history?

    Driven by class struggle between the bourgeoisie and proletariat.

    What did Mitrany propose for international relations?

    Guidance by practical needs rather than political ideology.

    What is a mixed-motive game?

    A situation where individuals serve both personal and group interests.

    What did Monnet suggest?

    The idea of supranational governance in Europe.

    What does the North-South Gap indicate?

    Economic disparity between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.

    What is OPEC?

    A cartel coordinating petroleum policies among member states.

    What does periphery refer to?

    Weaker, poorer states in the global system.

    What does proletariat mean?

    The working class in society.

    What are Reagan Democrats an example of?

    Critical theory and false consciousness in domestic politics.

    What did the Schuman Declaration initiate?

    The process of European integration and the ECSC.

    What characterizes semi-periphery states?

    Partially developed countries that assist core states.

    What is a single market?

    Full economic integration allowing free movement of goods and services.

    What does spillover mean in integration theory?

    Integration in one area leads to further integration in others.

    Who were The Six?

    The original members of the ECSC: France, Germany, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg.

    What was the purpose of the United Nations?

    To promote international cooperation and peace.

    What is Wallerstein known for?

    Developing World Systems Theory.

    What does the Washington Consensus represent?

    A critical theory perspective on global capitalism in South America.

    What did Wendt contribute to international relations theory?

    The idea that social constructs shape international relations.

    What role did Wilson play in the League of Nations?

    He was a driving force behind its creation to prevent war.

    What does classic Marxism focus on?

    Historical materialism and class struggle.

    What was the Concert of Europe?

    A series of meetings to manage international politics in the 19th century.

    What does constructivism argue?

    Global politics are shaped by social constructs, not just material forces.

    What does critical theory address?

    Class exploitation and false consciousness in society.

    What does dependency theory explain?

    The economic disparities between core and periphery nations.

    What is the significance of the Gulf War in institutionalism?

    It highlighted the role of supranational entities in conflict.

    What are the basic principles of institutionalism?

    Focus on governance patterns and low politics in an anarchic system.

    What does interdependence refer to?

    The mutual reliance among states and organizations globally.

    What was the impact of the 1970s oil shocks?

    They caused significant economic disruptions in the U.S. and Europe.

    What does Lenin's theory of imperialism suggest?

    War and colonization stem from overproduction in capitalism.

    What does neomarxism focus on?

    Capitalism's role in driving global inequality and exploitation.

    What is the NPT?

    A treaty aimed at preventing the spread of nuclear weapons.

    What does nuclear proliferation history detail?

    The development of nuclear arsenals during and after WWII.

    What defines a regime in international relations?

    Rules and norms governing interactions among states.

    What was the Scramble for Africa?

    The late 19th-century competition among European powers for African territories.