PDF Notes: All bacteria (1)

What is the shape of Escherichia coli?

Rod-shaped.

How does Salmonella differ from Shigella in terms of motility?

Salmonella is motile, while Shigella is nonmotile.

What type of medium is used for Vibrio cholerae?

Thiosulfate-citrate-bile-sucrose (TCBS) agar.

What are the virulence factors of Shigella?

Includes exotoxin (Shiga toxin) and adhesins.

What is the primary transmission route for typhoid fever?

Fecal-oral transmission.

What distinguishes Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) from Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC)?

ETEC causes watery diarrhea, while EHEC can cause bloody diarrhea.

What is the consequence of cholera infection?

Profuse diarrhea leading to dehydration.

What type of bacteria is Bordetella pertussis?

Gram-negative.

What is the incubation period for diphtheria?

7 to 10 days.

How does the capsule of E. coli contribute to its virulence?

It protects against phagocytosis.

What is the primary source of infection for Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

Sick individuals or carriers.

What is the role of the K-antigen in bacteria?

It is a capsular polysaccharide that aids in virulence.

What happens during the paroxysmal stage of whooping cough?

Characterized by severe coughing fits followed by a whoop.

What is the main treatment for cholera?

Fluid and electrolyte replacement.

What is the significance of the Ziehl-Neelsen method?

It stains acid-fast bacilli like Mycobacterium.

What are the symptoms of gastroenteritis caused by Salmonella?

Diarrhea, vomiting, and sometimes fever.

What is the primary method for diagnosing tuberculosis?

Microscopy and culture of sputum.

What is the role of endotoxin in bacterial infections?

It can cause systemic inflammatory responses.

What is the main prevention strategy for diphtheria?

Vaccination with DTaP.

What distinguishes Legionella pneumophila from other bacteria?

It is associated with pneumonia outbreaks from contaminated water.