sciences

    Master this deck with 59 terms through effective study methods.

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    Created by @123456_

    What is evaporation?

    Occurs at any temperature and is a surface phenomenon.

    What defines boiling?

    Happens at a fixed temperature and forms bubbles throughout the liquid.

    How does temperature affect evaporation?

    Higher temperature increases kinetic energy, leading to faster evaporation.

    What role does surface area play in evaporation?

    Larger surface area allows more particles to escape.

    How does wind speed influence evaporation?

    Increased wind speed removes vapor, enhancing the evaporation rate.

    What effect does humidity have on evaporation?

    Lower humidity results in faster evaporation.

    What does a heating curve represent?

    Shows temperature changes over time during phase changes.

    What happens during the flat regions of a heating curve?

    Energy is used to break intermolecular forces, not to increase temperature.

    What is conduction?

    Heat transfer through direct contact, primarily in solids.

    What distinguishes convection from conduction?

    Convection involves fluid movement, while conduction does not.

    What is radiation in terms of heat transfer?

    Transfer of heat via electromagnetic waves without a medium.

    What is current in electricity?

    Flow of charge measured in amperes (A).

    What defines voltage?

    Potential difference measured in volts (V).

    What is the function of a cell in a circuit?

    Acts as the energy source.

    How does an ammeter function in a circuit?

    Measures current and is connected in series.

    What is the role of a voltmeter?

    Measures voltage and is connected in parallel.

    What is friction charging?

    Transfer of electrons through rubbing.

    How does conduction charging work?

    Involves direct contact for electron transfer.

    What is induction charging?

    Redistribution of charges without direct contact.

    What are the properties of magnets?

    Like poles repel, unlike poles attract.

    What distinguishes magnetic materials from non-magnetic materials?

    Magnetic materials include iron, cobalt, and nickel.

    What do magnetic field lines indicate?

    Direction of the magnetic field, never intersecting.

    What is magnetization?

    Process of making a material magnetic through methods like stroking.

    What is demagnetization?

    Loss of magnetism through heating or hammering.

    What defines a permanent magnet?

    Always exhibits magnetic properties.

    What is an electromagnet?

    Requires current to generate magnetism, with adjustable strength.

    What are carbohydrates primarily used for?

    Main source of energy.

    What is the role of proteins in the body?

    Essential for growth and repair.

    What is the function of fats?

    Serve as energy storage.

    What happens in the mouth during digestion?

    Both mechanical and chemical digestion occur.

    What is the primary function of the stomach?

    Main site for protein digestion.

    What occurs in the small intestine?

    Absorption of nutrients takes place.

    What is the role of the large intestine?

    Absorbs water from indigestible food.

    What are enzymes?

    Biological catalysts that speed up reactions.

    How do enzymes interact with substrates?

    They are specific to their substrate.

    What factors affect enzyme activity?

    Temperature and pH can influence their effectiveness.

    What is anabolism?

    Process that builds molecules and uses energy.

    What defines catabolism?

    Breaks down molecules and releases energy.

    What distinguishes aerobic respiration from anaerobic respiration?

    Aerobic uses oxygen and produces more energy.

    What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis?

    6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂.

    What is required for photosynthesis to occur?

    Light, chlorophyll, carbon dioxide, and water are necessary.

    What is the function of leaf veins?

    Transport nutrients and water.

    What is a chemical formula based on?

    Ion charges determine the formula.

    What is an example of a polyatomic ion?

    Sulfate (SO₄²⁻) is one such ion.

    What distinguishes physical changes from chemical changes?

    Physical changes do not form new substances.

    What happens during a chemical reaction?

    Reactants are transformed into products.

    What is required for balancing chemical equations?

    Same number of atoms must be present on both sides.

    What defines one mole?

    Contains 6.022 × 10²³ particles.

    How do you calculate moles from mass?

    Moles equal mass divided by molar mass.

    What is the formula to find particles from moles?

    Particles equal moles multiplied by 6.022 × 10²³.

    What is molar mass?

    Sum of atomic masses of elements in a compound.

    What is the importance of the mole concept?

    Links microscopic particles to measurable quantities.

    What is a synthesis reaction?

    Combines A and B to form AB.

    What happens in a decomposition reaction?

    AB breaks down into A and B.

    What is a displacement reaction?

    A + BC produces AC and B.

    What occurs in a double displacement reaction?

    AB + CD yields AD and CB.

    What defines a neutralization reaction?

    Combines an acid and a base to form salt and water.

    What characterizes an exothermic reaction?

    Releases heat during the process.

    What is an endothermic reaction?

    Absorbs heat from the surroundings.