PDF Notes: L4 N&B Lecture

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    What defines an exergonic reaction?

    Releases energy during the process.

    What defines an endergonic reaction?

    Requires energy input to proceed.

    What are the four main chemical elements in the body?

    Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen.

    What is the atomic number?

    Number of protons in an atom.

    How do isotopes differ from each other?

    They have different numbers of neutrons.

    What happens during ionization?

    Atoms gain or lose electrons, becoming ions.

    What distinguishes a molecule from a compound?

    Molecules consist of the same element; compounds have different elements.

    What is an ionic bond?

    Formed by the attraction between oppositely charged ions.

    What characterizes covalent bonds?

    Atoms share electrons to achieve stability.

    What is the difference between polar and nonpolar covalent bonds?

    Polar bonds share electrons unequally; nonpolar bonds share equally.