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It organizes elements by atomic number and properties.
The number of protons in an atom's nucleus.
Atoms of the same element with different neutron numbers.
The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom.
A = Z + n.
No band gap allows free electron movement.
Semiconductors have a moderate band gap.
Conductivity increases due to more electrons crossing the band gap.
A large band gap prevents electron movement.
Adding impurities to increase conductivity.
Doped with elements that have extra electrons.
Doped with elements that create holes in the structure.
Higher temperatures allow electrons to jump to the conduction band.
1.12 eV at room temperature.
Germanium has a smaller band gap and is more temperature-sensitive.
It has superior electron mobility and is used in high-frequency devices.
It moves toward the conduction band.
They act as positive charge carriers.