Biology Paper 2 6.0

    Master this deck with 24 terms through effective study methods.

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    Created by @reiss

    What is meiosis?

    Produces four non-identical gametes from one cell.

    What is mitosis?

    Forms two identical cells from one cell.

    What defines sexual reproduction?

    Involves the fusion of male and female gametes.

    What is a gamete?

    A reproductive cell with half the number of chromosomes.

    How does asexual reproduction differ from sexual reproduction?

    Involves one parent and produces genetically identical offspring.

    What is the advantage of sexual reproduction?

    Increases genetic variation, enhancing survival in changing environments.

    What is the advantage of asexual reproduction?

    Faster reproduction without the need for a mate.

    What is a chromosome?

    A structure made of DNA found in the nucleus.

    What is a gene?

    A section of DNA that codes for a specific protein.

    What is the genome?

    All the genes in an organism that code for proteins.

    What is DNA?

    A polymer that contains genetic instructions for the body.

    What is protein synthesis?

    The process of creating proteins from DNA instructions.

    What happens during a mutation?

    The sequence of bases in DNA is altered.

    What is a dominant allele?

    Only one copy is needed for the trait to be expressed.

    What is a recessive allele?

    Two copies are needed for the trait to be expressed.

    What is a phenotype?

    The observable physical characteristics of an individual.

    What is a genotype?

    The combination of alleles an individual possesses.

    What is polydactyly?

    A genetic disorder causing extra fingers or toes.

    What is cystic fibrosis?

    A recessive disorder affecting cell membranes and mucus production.

    What is embryonic screening?

    A method to test embryos for genetic conditions.

    What is natural selection?

    The process where organisms with advantageous traits survive and reproduce.

    What is evolution?

    A change in inherited characteristics of a population over time.

    What is selective breeding?

    Humans choose organisms to breed for desired traits.

    What is speciation?

    The formation of a new species due to evolutionary changes.