Master this deck with 100 terms through effective study methods.
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The density must be at least 400 ppl/km^2 and a population of at least 1000. A small population centre has (1000-30), medium (30-100), large (100+).
Scientific, aesthetic, and orderly disposition of land, resources, facilities and services with a view to securing the physical, economic, and social efficiency, health and well-being of urban and rural communities
Neighbourhood, community, district, metropolitain area
Deal with land use, transport and infrastructure, planning social and community services, manage cultural and heritage resources, create economic capacity in local communities. Provides research reasoned analysis, recommendations to public/private sectors intending to meet the needs of all sectors of society
Mathematical models, computer simulations, scale models, vision/strategy sessions, design workshops, social/environment impact analysis
Planting native species, extensive landscaping, reduce the number of hard services, water quality, consumption, run off
Started in MTL and Quebec City because they were important trade cities for le Nouvelle France and served as service depots for the European fur trade
Poverty, fiscal squeeze, environmental decay, transport congestion, housing costs. The problems are interdependent.
-Early stress on aesthetics -Engineering/economic considerations in the efficient fn of the city -Controlling the use of land/developing sound land use patterns -Governmental procedures -Social and human welfare considerations, stressing the human element -Socio-economic, political, "policy-guided", "systems" view, quantitative techniques -Smart Growth and recent trends
1) computational aids: stats analyses, mathematical modules 2)Data handling & intelligent maps: Produce maps/charts 3)Computer aided design: includes visualization
Used data handing, intelligent mapping, but mostly visualization.
-Computer system that can capture, store, analyze, display geo referenced info -Able to combine or remove information at will -System software, hardware and data, and perssonel to manipulate, analyze and present info
The idea of viewing the urban area as a system with 3 subsystems. It is good because it is a holistic and scientific way of approaching the problem that studies interrelationships, and is possible to simulate.
1) physical 2)human 3) activity
The physical subsystem includes the physical setting and infrastructure. It is important because natural features can impact devlopments like soil quality. Developments can also impact natural features. Also considers existing infrastructure like transport, water, waste disposal, and the capacity for the infrastructure
The population and their attitudes and behaviors. The urban system is planned to meet the needs of the people.
The activity subsystem is the interface between the human and physical subsystems. Activities include: residential, economic, transport, social, and recreational. To plan we need to understand present activities and predict future activities.
Underlying basic qualities that ethics and morals are based on
The desired ends that the planning effort is directed towards
Objectives are measurable operational statements of goals
Criterion come from objectives and are expressed in measurable and achievable terms that indicate is an object/goal has been met.
Standards are specified values of a criteria
Cost-benefit analysis, cost-effectiveness analysis, overall effectiveness analysis, statements of +'ve and -'ve features
-The problem definition -broad specifications of supply strategies, strategy (systems) analysis, and evaluation of choice
-Partial implementation -Re-evaluation -Choice -Implementation
Long term: strategic and part of the "Official Plan" framework. Key infrastructure changes Medium Term: Combined elements of short term and pressing features of the long term Short term: Best use of existing facilities and systems
Current traffic Present Facilities and service (present deficiencies/future deficiencies under do-nothing) Future traffic Future facility and service options (future deficiencies for a future system alternatives)
Rational approach, satisficing approach, disjointed incrementalism, mixed level approach
Systems analysis approach that is logical and comprehensive but also very demanding. Enables relevant goals to be included and contradictory goals to be sorted. Also allows feedback.
Look at something that satisfies , not necessarily the best option
Focus on short list of serious alternatives and work with marginal incremental changes to previous policies and plans
Mix of rational and disjointed approach
Includes the entire urban area and all components of the urban system. It is longterm and includes all goals like health, safety, transport, and the environment.
1) interval 2) ordinal 3) Nominal
Yard stick like set of #s for measuring intervals between ordered responses
Put things in ranked order
Set of names. ie. urban, rural
1)Simple random sampling 2)systematic sampling 3)stratified sampling 4)cluster sampling
Use unbiased list of population "we wish to interview 6 persons/100 who use a parking garage"
Take every kth element from a list where the starting point is a random number
Define separate groups/lists which are homoegenous. Then take simple random/systematic samples from each group
Like stratified but the groups are heterogenous. Then use simple random/systematic sampling method.
1) define information needs and resource requirements 2)Collect data -choose technique for observaion -define the questions/variables -determine the sample -present/conduct the survey 3)Analyze the data -compile and edit the raw data -analysis of the distribution of responses to a single question/variable -analysis of interrelation among variables -interpret the results
A plan developed by local government as a policy document for community development. It is used for planning public facilities and infrastructure, drafting, zoning by-laws, and the control of land subdivision
Goals an objectives, policies and principles of land use planning, environmental issues, infrastructure and transport, measurements and procedures to attain objectives and informing and obtaining views of public phases
Preparation Circulation to stakeholders Mod/changes based on feedback Notice to public for open meeting Mod/changes based on feedback Council adopts OP Provincial government approves
large urban population centre that grew using the multi-nucleated region approach
-compact (inside the greenbelt) -satellite (very small communities just outside of GB) -dispersed
A broad concept that recognized the interaction between development, environment, and quality of life while conservin resources like land and energy. It aims to grow in a manner that achieves the goals of urban residents.
1)Mix land uses 2)Promote compact built form 3)Range of housing and choices 4)Walkable neighbourhoods and communities 5)Attractive communities and a sense of place 6)Preserve farmland and natural ressources 7)Direct development to existing communities 8)Variety of transport options 9)Development that is predictable and cost-effective 10)Encourage community stakeholder participation
1)Greyfield: previously used for urban activities, urban renewal, vacant land 2)brownfield: contaminated greyfield 3)greenfield: new towns and subdivisions
Need to find a match between user needs and land supply
As FAR increases, total car ratio dec, open space ratio dec, living space ratio dec, and rec space dec
1)Cohort-survival method 2)extrapolation 3)ratio approach
It is an analytical method which allows data to be handled separately. 1)Base year population is divided into M/F and grouped according to age 2)Find # of survivors in each age group to be carried forward for next 5 years 3)Net in/out migrations are estimated for each age group 4)Survivors/migrations summed and make an estimate for higher age group starting point for next 5 years 5) New 0-4 group estimated using fertility rate and number of women of reproductive age
System of production, distribution, and consumption embracing the sum total productive activity within an urban area and surrounding area
Good and services produced for export (brings $ into the region)
Goods and services consumed within a region
They depend on local practices and can be low, medium, or high density
3+ acres/1000 people or establish schools and areas explicitly like all elementary schools need 5 acres
0.6 acres/1000 people
at least 4 acres/1000 people or 10+ acres/1000 usually
There are no standards but guidelines suggest around 1.5 acres/1000 persons
locals, collectors, arterials, and freeways
Primary land/proprety access
Traffic movement and land access
Traffic movement
Traffic movement with optimal mobility
local, collector
local, collector, arterial
Collector, arterial, freeway
Arterial, freeway
Planning public facilities and infrastructure, drafting zoning by-laws, control of land subdivision
When they are assembled in their distinct areas and are well mixed
To regulate the sitting of buildings and basic services for health and safety reasons
Control land use and pop density by having control over building type, form, and mass
They must be applied equally to all structures within a district
Zoning can influence land prices especially in growing ares where the new zoning requirments will be resisted. A way to combat this is to offer incentives for added floor area to counter the added cost of meeting higher development standards
The local government
For sale or building development
According to performance standards of access, space, privacy, maintenance, view
1) Assess demand (e.g type of building and price) 2)Examine the physical growth of the municipality 3) Consider possible sites and choose one that best satisfies: accessibility, available services, quality/cost of land, and legal restrictions like zoning bylaws 4)Get a survey of the site 5)Divide site into broad areas of suitability for building purposes 6)Get more specific about development units like types of housing 7) Develop street patttern, names, service requirements, and a preliminary plan 8)Sketch out lots 9)Consult municipality and get plan examined 10)Prepare final plan 11)Study siting of every building in the subdivision 12) consider alignment of utility lines 13) Show landscaping 14)Submit plan for final approval
With gravity
1%
Utility holes. Can't be more than 500ft apart
6ft
To avoid scouring
Manholes
With the assumption of full development of the area
Function of land use and population projections for at least 25 years
potability, quantity, and pressure
Tree-like pattern and loop network. The tree like patttern has pressure drops at the end of long branches and its hard to keep dead ends clear. The Loop Network has more that one point of entering supply and avoids drops at the end of long branches
Air pollution, water pollution, noise, vibrations, visual effects, thermal effects. Also accessibility to economic, social, and rec opportunities and impacts on land values.
Direct and indirect energy uses are environmental impacts due to how the energy is generated or which kind is used. For example, cars use gas.
90 dBa, heavy truck at about 15m
Greater than 65 dBa exteranal and greater than 50 dBa internal
Average noise level during interval i
Io is refernce intensity and I is the intensity of a sound corresponding to L bels
At the source by developing quieter cars and pavements, along the path with noise barriers, elevated highways, and tunnels, and receiver control by using distance between receiver and highway and noise insulation
Source: quieter aircraft, restrict engine testing, carefully develop departure and landing to minimize impact on residential areas