Intro To Ethics Exam 2

    Master this deck with 22 terms through effective study methods.

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    What is consequentialism?

    Judging actions based on their outcomes.

    What defines egoism?

    Acting in one's own self-interest.

    How does act egoism differ from rule egoism?

    Act egoism focuses on individual situations.

    What is psychological egoism?

    The belief that people act selfishly by nature.

    What does hedonism advocate?

    Pleasure as the highest good.

    What is utilitarianism?

    Maximizing happiness for the most people.

    How does act utilitarianism differ from rule utilitarianism?

    Act utilitarianism evaluates each action individually.

    What is the principle of utility?

    Choosing actions that maximize overall happiness.

    What does the greatest happiness principle state?

    Actions are right if they promote collective happiness.

    What is hedonic calculus?

    A method for quantifying pleasure and pain.

    What are internal sanctions?

    Feelings like guilt that influence behavior.

    What is social contract theory?

    Morality arises from mutual agreements.

    What is the state of nature?

    A condition without laws or governance.

    What does speciesism imply?

    Valuing humans over animals unjustly.

    What are negative rights?

    Rights ensuring freedom from interference.

    What is retributive justice?

    Punishment for wrongdoing.

    How does libertarianism view government?

    Advocates for limited government and individual freedom.

    What did Epicurus believe?

    In pursuing simple pleasures and avoiding pain.

    How do Bentham and Mill differ in their views?

    Bentham emphasizes quantity; Mill emphasizes quality.

    What is the significance of moral agents?

    They can make moral decisions.

    What are supererogatory actions?

    Good deeds that are not obligatory.

    What does Peter Singer argue about animals?

    They deserve moral consideration due to their capacity to feel pain.