Intro To Ethics

    Master this deck with 32 terms through effective study methods.

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    What is consequentialism?

    Judging actions based on their outcomes.

    What defines egoism?

    Acting in one's own self-interest.

    What is act egoism?

    Making decisions that benefit oneself in specific situations.

    How does rule egoism differ from act egoism?

    It follows general rules that benefit oneself.

    What is psychological egoism?

    The belief that people act selfishly by nature.

    What does hedonism advocate?

    Pleasure as the highest good.

    What is utilitarianism?

    Maximizing happiness for the most people.

    What is act utilitarianism?

    Evaluating actions based on their happiness outcomes.

    How does rule utilitarianism differ from act utilitarianism?

    It follows rules that generally produce the most happiness.

    What is the principle of utility?

    Choosing actions that maximize overall happiness.

    What is the greatest happiness principle?

    Actions are right if they promote collective happiness.

    What are internal sanctions?

    Feelings like guilt that influence behavior.

    What are external sanctions?

    Rewards or punishments imposed by others.

    What is social contract theory?

    Morality arises from mutual agreements.

    What is contractarianism?

    Moral rules benefit everyone through agreements.

    What does the state of nature refer to?

    Life without laws or governance.

    What is moral status?

    Deserving of moral consideration.

    What is direct moral consideration?

    Duties owed directly to a being.

    What is indirect moral consideration?

    Caring for a being due to its impact on others.

    What are animal rights?

    The belief that animals deserve moral consideration.

    What are moral agents?

    Beings capable of making moral choices.

    What is speciesism?

    Valuing humans over animals.

    What are negative rights?

    Rights to freedom from interference.

    What are positive rights?

    Rights to receive assistance.

    What are supererogatory actions?

    Good deeds that are not obligatory.

    What is retributive justice?

    Punishment for wrongdoing.

    What is distributive justice?

    Fair allocation of resources.

    What does libertarianism advocate?

    Individual freedom and limited government.

    What is egalitarianism?

    Belief in equality and fairness.

    How does Bentham's view differ from Mill's?

    Bentham focuses on quantity, Mill on quality of happiness.

    What was Hobbes' view of morality?

    Morality prevents chaos in society.

    What is Singer's view on animals?

    Animals deserve consideration because they can feel pain.