Body, Cells

What defines anatomy?

Focuses on the structure of body parts.

What defines physiology?

Focuses on the functions of body parts.

What is the anatomical position?

Standard reference for body orientation.

What are the principal bones of the axial skeleton?

Includes the skull, vertebrae, and ribs.

What are the principal bones of the appendicular skeleton?

Includes limbs and their attachments.

What are the four body cavities?

Cranial, thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic.

What is the importance of buffers in pH regulation?

Maintain stable pH levels in the body.

How do negative and positive feedback mechanisms differ?

Negative feedback reduces change; positive feedback enhances it.

What happens during mitosis?

Cell division resulting in two identical cells.

What happens during meiosis?

Cell division producing gametes with half the chromosome number.

What are the levels of structural organization in the body?

Cells, tissues, organs, systems, and organism.

What are the functions of organelles in a cell?

Perform specific tasks essential for cell survival.

What are tissues?

Groups of similar cells performing a common function.

What are membranes?

Thin layers that cover or line organs.

What are glands?

Organs that secrete substances for use elsewhere in the body.

What does inferior mean?

Indicates a position lower or away from the head.

What does superior mean?

Indicates a position higher or toward the head.

What does posterior mean?

Refers to the back or behind a structure.

What does anterior mean?

Refers to the front or in front of a structure.

What does proximal mean?

Indicates the nearest point of attachment.

What does distal mean?

Indicates the farthest point from attachment.

What does lateral mean?

Describes a position away from the midline.

What does medial mean?

Describes a position toward the midline.

What does superficial mean?

Indicates a position closer to the body surface.

What does deep mean?

Indicates a position farther from the body surface.

What is the sagittal plane?

Divides the body into left and right sections.

What is the frontal plane?

Divides the body into front and back sections.

What is the transverse plane?

Divides the body into top and bottom sections.

How does the midsagittal plane differ from the sagittal plane?

It splits the body into equal right and left halves.