PDF Notes: Unit 2 Hematology

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    What is the primary function of blood?

    Transporting gases, nutrients, and wastes.

    What percentage of body weight does blood constitute?

    7-8% of the body's weight.

    What are the main components of blood?

    Plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

    How does plasma contribute to blood function?

    Maintains osmotic pressure and transports substances.

    What distinguishes erythrocytes from leukocytes?

    Erythrocytes lack nuclei; leukocytes contain nuclei.

    What is the role of hemoglobin in red blood cells?

    Carries oxygen from lungs to tissues.

    What happens to aged erythrocytes?

    They are broken down by macrophages in the spleen.

    What are the two main types of leukocytes?

    Granulocytes and agranulocytes.

    What is the function of neutrophils?

    Engulf and kill microbes through phagocytosis.

    How do eosinophils respond to parasites?

    Release toxins to eliminate larger parasites.

    What triggers the release of erythropoietin?

    Tissue hypoxia stimulates erythropoietin secretion.

    What is the lifespan of a red blood cell?

    Approximately 120 days.

    What is the primary role of platelets?

    Promote blood clotting and hemostasis.

    What occurs during the vascular phase of hemostasis?

    Vasoconstriction reduces blood flow at injury sites.

    What is the function of fibrin in blood clotting?

    Forms a mesh that stabilizes the clot.

    What distinguishes serum from plasma?

    Serum lacks fibrinogen and clotting factors.

    What is hemopoiesis?

    The formation of blood cells in the bone marrow.

    What are the main types of plasma proteins?

    Albumins, globulins, and fibrinogens.

    How do lymphocytes contribute to immunity?

    They produce antibodies and coordinate immune responses.

    What is the role of macrophages in the immune system?

    Engulf pathogens and debris, activating immune responses.