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Forms from significant stretching of any rock.
Cooked limestone that is nearly 100% calcite.
Formed from cooked basalt or gabbro, contains chlorite and epidote.
Talc-rich rock formed from cooked serpentinite.
Hypocenter is underground; epicenter is above on the surface.
Primary waves that move in a push-pull motion.
Secondary waves that move up and down.
P-waves travel faster than other seismic waves.
S-waves and surface waves cause more damage.
At least three stations are required.
Describes the damage caused by an earthquake.
Quantifies the energy released by an earthquake.
Each step represents a tenfold increase in wave amplitude.
Solid bedrock subdues seismic waves.
Walls of water generated by earthquakes or volcanic eruptions.
Minor earthquakes that occur before a major event.
At or near plate boundaries.
Regions where one plate dives below another.
Areas of earthquakes within a subducting slab.
Where two continental plates crash into each other.
Regions where two plates slide past each other.
Areas where large mantle plumes create volcanoes.
Lava flow with a smooth or ropy surface.
Lava with a sharp, jagged surface.
Rounded lava masses formed underwater.
Rock fragments produced during volcanic eruptions.
Yes, they can lead to climate cooling.
Volcanic mudflows created from ash and water.
Large, low, broad volcanoes with effusive eruptions.
Basalt is commonly found in shield volcanoes.
Large, steep cones formed from alternating lava and ash.
Depressions formed after a volcano collapses.
Explosion holes formed by magma meeting groundwater.
Water vapor, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and carbon monoxide.
Slow movement of rock or regolith due to gravity.
Movement of water-saturated soil over permafrost.
Flows move as a fluid; slides remain intact; falls free-fall.
Soil flowing after heavy rainfall.
Flow dominated by boulders.
Slurry of water and fine sediment moving downhill.
Rocks falling or bouncing down a slope.
A rotational slide along a curved surface.
The lowest point a river can erode.
Lakes formed from cutoff meandering streams.
Clay and silt moving within the water column.
Grains jumping downstream in a stream.
Grains rolling along the streambed.
Streams that resemble a tree structure.
Interweaving streams that split and merge.