PDF Notes: Cells lecture 16

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    What is meiotic nondisjunction?

    Failure of chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis.

    How does nondisjunction in Meiosis I differ from Meiosis II?

    In Meiosis I, homologous chromosomes fail to separate; in Meiosis II, sister chromatids do not separate.

    What is aneuploidy?

    A condition resulting from gametes with abnormal chromosome numbers fusing.

    What happens if a gamete has no copy of a chromosome?

    The resulting zygote will be monosomic for that chromosome.

    What is the consequence of trisomy in a zygote?

    The zygote has three copies of a chromosome, leading to potential developmental issues.

    What are the estimated occurrence rates of monosomy and trisomy in human conceptions?

    They occur in 10-25% of all human conceptions.

    What is polyploidy?

    A condition where cells have more than two complete sets of chromosomes.

    What effect do odd numbers of chromosomes have in meiosis?

    They can lead to unbalanced gametes and potential aneuploidy.

    What are common chromosomal aberrations?

    Nondisjunction, aneuploidy, deletion, duplication, inversion, translocation.

    How do chromosomal rearrangements contribute to birth defects?

    They can cause abnormal gene dosage affecting development.