Chemsitry SAT1

    Master this deck with 41 terms through effective study methods.

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    What is a cation?

    An ion with a positive charge.

    What is an anion?

    An ion with a negative charge.

    How do you find the number of protons in an atom?

    Use the atomic number.

    How do you find the number of electrons in a neutral atom?

    It is equal to the number of protons.

    How do you calculate neutrons?

    Subtract atomic number from atomic mass.

    What does a molecular formula represent?

    Types and quantities of atoms in a molecule.

    What is an ionic compound?

    Formed from the transfer of electrons between metals and non-metals.

    What is oxidation state?

    The charge of an ion based on electron loss or gain.

    What happens to atomic radius down a group?

    It increases due to added electron shells.

    What happens to atomic radius across a period?

    It decreases due to increased nuclear charge.

    What is ionization energy?

    Energy needed to remove an electron from an atom.

    What affects electronegativity?

    Atomic radius and nuclear charge.

    How do metals behave in reactions?

    They form positive ions.

    What is primary bonding?

    Includes metallic, ionic, and covalent bonding.

    What characterizes metallic bonding?

    Atoms share delocalized electrons.

    What is an alloy?

    A mixture of two or more elements, at least one being a metal.

    What defines an ion?

    An atom that has gained or lost electrons.

    What are ions of variable charge?

    Metals that can form ions with different charges.

    What happens to electrons when atoms absorb light energy?

    They move to higher energy levels.

    What is an emission spectrum?

    Unique pattern of colors emitted by an element.

    Why do elements have different spectral lines?

    Due to unique energy gaps and absorption properties.

    What happens to electrons when atoms are heated?

    They gain energy and move rapidly.

    Why are emission spectra like fingerprints?

    Each element has a unique energy level.

    What is the electron configuration of chlorine?

    1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁵.

    What type of bond forms between magnesium and chlorine?

    An ionic bond.

    Why do metals conduct electricity?

    They have delocalized electrons that move freely.

    What happens to hardness in an alloy of gold and titanium?

    It becomes harder than pure gold.

    What is the atomic number of chlorine?

    17 protons.

    What is the mass number of chlorine-35?

    35.

    What is the difference between isotopes?

    They have different numbers of neutrons.

    What is the formula for magnesium chloride?

    MgCl₂.

    What is the electron configuration of magnesium?

    1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s².

    What type of bonding occurs between magnesium and oxygen?

    Ionic bonding.

    What is the charge of the ion formed by aluminum?

    It gains one electron to form Al-.

    What is the formula for the compound formed by aluminum and chlorine?

    AlCl₃.

    What is the trend in atomic radius for Na, Mg, Al, Si?

    Increases from Si to Na.

    What is the relationship between atomic number and protons?

    They are equal.

    What happens to the atomic mass on the periodic table?

    It is not a whole number due to isotopes.

    What is the d-block in the periodic table?

    The block containing transition metals.

    Why do transition metals form colored compounds?

    They absorb different wavelengths of energy.

    What is the electron configuration of oxygen?

    1s² 2s² 2p⁴.