Biological OCG

    Master this deck with 21 terms through effective study methods.

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    What is Biological Oceanography?

    Study of marine species distribution and processes affecting them.

    Why are oceans important?

    Cover 71% of Earth, support diverse ecosystems.

    What defines the sublittoral zone?

    Area below the low tide mark, rich in marine life.

    How does light affect marine life?

    Only 50% of solar radiation penetrates the surface.

    What is primary production in the ocean?

    Formation of organic matter through photosynthesis and chemosynthesis.

    What are the main factors regulating primary production?

    Light, nutrients, and temperature.

    How do photosynthetic organisms contribute to marine ecosystems?

    They provide food for most marine organisms.

    What is the difference between euphotic and aphotic zones?

    Euphotic has sufficient light for photosynthesis; aphotic does not.

    What are the major animal phyla found in marine environments?

    Includes Porifera, Cnidaria, Mollusca, and Chordata.

    What is the role of zooxanthellae in coral reefs?

    Symbiotic algae that provide nutrients to corals.

    What is eutrophication?

    Increase in nutrient supply leading to algal blooms.

    How do upwellings affect marine productivity?

    Bring nutrient-rich water to the surface, enhancing growth.

    What distinguishes hydrothermal vents from cold seeps?

    Vents are associated with volcanic activity; seeps are not.

    What adaptations do organisms have for extreme conditions at hydrothermal vents?

    Physiological and morphological adaptations for high temperature and pressure.

    What is the significance of the Redfield ratio?

    C:N:P ratio that indicates nutrient balance in marine organisms.

    What are the main types of phytoplankton?

    Includes diatoms, dinoflagellates, and cyanobacteria.

    How do marine organisms respond to latitudinal gradients?

    Variations in solar radiation affect species distribution.

    What is the role of chemosynthetic bacteria in deep-sea ecosystems?

    Convert inorganic compounds into organic matter, supporting food webs.

    What are the characteristics of the abyssal zone?

    Deep ocean floor, high pressure, low light, and cold temperatures.

    What is the impact of ocean acidification on marine life?

    Affects calcification processes in organisms like corals and shellfish.

    What defines the pelagic zone?

    Open water column, home to various marine organisms.