PDF Notes: Hospodarskapolitikastatu2

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    What are the main goals of economic policy?

    Ensuring price stability, supporting employment, GDP growth, balance of payments, and currency stability.

    How does neoclassical economics differ from Keynesian economics?

    Neoclassical economics believes markets naturally reach equilibrium, while Keynesian economics advocates for state intervention to stimulate growth.

    What is the role of monetary policy?

    Regulates money supply and credit to influence inflation and economic activity.

    What happens during restrictive monetary policy?

    The central bank reduces money supply to combat inflation, leading to higher interest rates and lower GDP.

    What is the consequence of expansive monetary policy?

    Increases money supply and lowers interest rates, promoting investment and GDP growth.

    What are the tools of monetary policy?

    Includes open market operations, discount rates, and reserve requirements.

    What defines fiscal policy?

    Government's use of budgetary revenues and expenditures to influence the economy.

    What are the components of the state budget?

    Includes revenues from taxes and expenditures on goods, services, and transfers.

    What is a budget deficit?

    Occurs when government expenditures exceed revenues, often influenced by mandatory spending.

    How do built-in stabilizers function in fiscal policy?

    They counteract economic fluctuations by adjusting spending and taxes automatically.

    What is the purpose of social policy?

    To provide public goods, regulate prices, and ensure social security.

    What distinguishes protective trade policy from liberal trade policy?

    Protective policy shields domestic industries, while liberal policy promotes free trade.

    What is the impact of currency depreciation on exports?

    Makes exports cheaper for foreign buyers, potentially increasing export volume.

    What does the balance of payments represent?

    Records all economic transactions between a country and the rest of the world.

    What is the magic rectangle in economic policy?

    Illustrates the trade-offs between employment, inflation, GDP growth, and balance of payments.