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Involves physical methods to eliminate microorganisms from outside the wound.
Utilizes chemical methods to kill microorganisms inside and outside the body.
A systemic reaction to pathogenic microorganisms, marked by inflammation.
Sterilization completely destroys all microbes, while disinfection reduces them.
To prevent infection during surgical procedures.
Do not disinfect when you can sterilize.
Reduces deaths, improves surgical techniques, and decreases epidemic diseases.
Denaturation of proteins, nucleic acids, and cellular membrane components.
Autoclaving with heated steam under pressure.
Sterilizing complex instruments and delicate materials.
Sterilizing heat-sensitive items due to its high penetration capability.
It must be impermeable to moisture to prevent bacterial transmission.
Shaving in the OR immediately before the procedure to reduce infection risk.
The left (nondominant) index finger.
Presoaking, cleaning, packaging, sterilization, and drying.
They act as broad-spectrum antimicrobials against various pathogens.