PDF Notes: Thermodynamics 1 slides 2025-2

What is the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics?

It establishes thermal equilibrium among objects in contact.

What does the First Law of Thermodynamics state?

Energy is conserved in a closed system.

How does internal energy change with constant volume and added heat?

Internal energy increases.

What happens to internal energy when work is done by the system without heat added?

Internal energy decreases.

What is the equation for the First Law of Thermodynamics?

ΔU = Q - W.

What does a positive Q indicate?

The system gains heat.

What does a negative W indicate?

Work is done on the system.

What is an adiabatic process?

No heat flows into or out of the system.

What is the work done in a constant volume process?

W = 0.

How does pressure behave in an isothermal process?

Pressure varies inversely with volume.

What is the formula for work done in an isothermal process?

W = nRT ln(Vf/Vi).

What is the molar specific heat at constant volume for an ideal gas?

Cv = Qv/nΔT.

What is the relationship between Cp and Cv for an ideal gas?

Cp - Cv = R.

What happens to temperature during an adiabatic compression?

Temperature increases.

What is the implication of a system's internal energy increasing during an adiabatic process?

Work is done on the system.

What is the condition for a process to be reversible?

Both system and surroundings return to initial states.

What is the significance of the ideal gas law in thermodynamics?

It relates pressure, volume, and temperature of gases.

What does the term 'quasi-static' imply in thermal processes?

Processes are slow enough to maintain equilibrium.

What is the effect of insulation on an adiabatic process?

It prevents heat exchange with the environment.