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It treats psychological disorders as biological issues similar to physical injuries.
It considers biological, psychological, and social factors as causes of disorders.
It is harmful to oneself or others.
It lacks a rational basis.
It raises concern for others' well-being.
It violates cultural norms.
It explores childhood experiences to uncover unconscious drives.
It aims to change a subject's belief system to alter consequences.
It seeks congruence between a person's actual self and ideal self.
Mental illnesses arise from conflicts between biological predispositions and external stressors.
It focuses on correcting biological components causing the behavior.
It involves structural brain differences and high amygdala activity.
Low energy, appetite, mood, and interests lasting over two weeks.
SSRIs increase serotonin levels in the brain.
It has less intense symptoms and variable duration.
It includes manic episodes with high energy and euphoria.
It features hypomania and a depressive episode following it.
Neurons may divert from their intended destinations during migration.
Struggles in social situations and heightened analytical abilities.
Applied Behavioral Analysis focuses on specific behavioral skills.
Hyperactivity in the limbic system leads to anxiety-driven behaviors.
Intense fear about multiple stimuli.
Free Association helps create new thought patterns to reduce anxiety.
Intense fear triggered by a single stimulus.
Habituation occurs through controlled exposure to the anxiety-inducing stimulus.
Agitation, disorganized behavior, paranoia, and possible hallucinations.
Excess dopamine production is linked to symptoms like paranoia and high energy.
Antipsychotic medications block excitatory neurotransmitters like dopamine.
Memory recall issues followed by critical thinking deterioration.
Amyloid plaques inhibit neurotransmitter signaling, leading to neuron death.
To boost Acetylcholine production and break down amyloid plaques.
Progressive difficulties with movement, speech, and thinking.
A mutation in the HTT gene leads to basal ganglia dysfunction.
Medications block excitatory effects of the basal ganglia.
Spastic, Dyskinetic, and Ataxic types with distinct physical symptoms.
Congenital factors leading to disrupted neural migration or myelination.
Through pharmaceuticals to reduce excitatory activity and behavioral therapies.
Prominent delusions and auditory hallucinations related to persecution.
Fragmented speech and behavior with inappropriate affect.
Characterized by abnormal motor activity, either immobility or excess movement.
Diagnosis after a schizophrenic episode with only negative symptoms remaining.
Pathologies arise from biological, psychological, and social factors.
A maladaptive pattern causing intense discomfort after a harmful event.
Amygdala activation triggers the sympathetic nervous system's fight or flight response.
Adoption of a new identity in response to adverse social situations.
Psychopathy involves a lack of social skills; sociopathy involves disdain for social norms.
Grandiose self-importance and lack of empathy for others.
Fragile identity leading to extreme reactions to perceived abandonment.
The scientific causes and effects of psych disorders
In “Ancient Psychology” four bodily fluids—blood, yellow bile, black bile, and phlegm—determined a person's temperament and an imbalance led to certain sicknesses dependent upon which humors were in excess or deficit
the use of community mental health facilities which concentrated on specific problems and behaviors rather than psychiatric labels might be a solution.
exhibits prominent psychotic features, such as delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking, or grossly disorganized behavior, but does not meet the criteria for any of the other subtypes of the disorder.
A painful experience causes a subject to not remember the event.
as a mental illness in which an individual finds themselves at odds with societal expectations and refuses to follow them
In this condition, extreme emotional or mental distress causes painful physical symptoms without having any control over the physical response
somatoform disorder known for refusal to maintain body weight at or above a minimally normal weight for their age/height and experiencing intense fear of becoming fat, even though they are underweight
binge eating disorder involving recurrent episodes of binge eating followed by inappropriate compensatory behaviors
a subject views everything around them as a possible threat to their safety.
subject fears being around other people because they struggle with understanding the meaning and purpose of social cues --without intense emotions
a subject hears voices in their heads and experiences hallucinations. The difference from Schizophrenia is the fact that subjects with SPD can be convinced that the voices they are not hearing are not real
Subjects with Histrionic Personality Disorder tend to be in constant need of other people’s attention
live in constant fear of rejection or criticism. As such, they avoid situations and interactions in which they feel they may experience these outcomes.
seek out interactions and commitments because they are afraid of being alone. The prospect of being alone and being forced to fend for themselves is too much to bear.
process by which neurotransmitters return to the neuron that sent them ---thereby removing them from circulation.
characterized by serious impairments or disruptions in the most fundamental higher brain functions—perception, cognition and cognitive processing, and emotions or affect—as manifested in behavioral phenomena, such as delusions, hallucinations, and significantly disorganized speech
SSRIs are designed to stabilize levels of inhibitory neurotransmitters like serotonin by preventing them from returning to their presynaptic neurons
Chemicals designed to block or limit the effects of excitatory neurotransmitters.
conceptual framework underlying rational emotive behavior therapy, which suggests that Activating events (i.e., adversities) are mediated by irrational Beliefs in determining inappropriate emotional and behavioral Consequences.
CBT assumes that cognitive, emotional, and behavioral variables are functionally interrelated. Treatment is aimed at identifying and modifying the client’s maladaptive thought processes and problematic behaviors through cognitive restructuring and behavioral techniques to achieve change.
It involves systematic and repeated confrontation with a feared stimulus.
The primary goal of aversion therapy is extinction: the elimination of an unwanted behavior.
Positive/Negative Punishment may be used when participating in the unwanted behavior.
a subject may be instructed to administer their own painful positive reinforcement through hypnotic suggestions. therapist will instruct them to believe that they will feel an unpleasant sensation whenever they participate or think about the targeted task. banned in 18 states, d.c., and puerto rico.
element who´s salts were used to treat mania, lithium carbonate is new less toxic form.
The exposure to ultraviolet light results in the stabilization of serotonin.
The patient is prepared by administration of an anesthetic and injection of a muscle relaxant. An electric current is then applied for a fraction of a second and immediately produces a two-stage seizure.The purpose is to get electrical patterns to fire correctly after restarting the brain
therapy based on the concept that an individual’s self-defeating beliefs influence and cause negative feelings and undesirable behaviors.It involves reconciling emotions with thought patterns.
faulty or inaccurate thinking, perception, or belief. An example is overgeneralization
focuses on client´s capacity for self growth
psychoanalytical approach which asks a subject to talk freely and openly about all concepts. The hopes is to discover patterns through freely discussing concepts and reorganizing those patterns
psychoanalysis, a patient’s displacement or projection onto the analyst of those unconscious feelings and wishes originally directed toward important individuals, such as parents, in the patient’s childhood.
esired behavior is reinforced by offering tokens that can be exchanged for special foods, television time, passes, or other rewards.