PDF Notes: comm100

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    What are the three stages of the perception process?

    They are sensory stimulation and selection, organization, and interpretation.

    What is sensory selection?

    It determines which stimuli we pay attention to and which we ignore.

    What influences sensory selection?

    Needs, interests, expectations, and physiological limitations.

    How does the cocktail party effect illustrate sensory selection?

    It shows how we focus on one conversation while ignoring others in a noisy environment.

    What is the role of needs in sensory selection?

    We notice stimuli that fulfill our current needs more than those that do not.

    How do interests affect perception?

    Higher interest leads to greater attention and detail recognition.

    What is Gestalt theory?

    It explains how we organize stimuli into recognizable patterns.

    What is the figure-ground relationship?

    It describes how we perceive an object (figure) in relation to its background.

    What is closure in perception?

    The tendency to fill in missing information to perceive a complete image.

    What are implicit personality theories?

    They suggest we assume traits cluster together based on one observed trait.

    What is the halo effect?

    It is the assumption that positive traits accompany attractiveness.

    How does stereotyping differ from the halo effect?

    Stereotyping links traits to groups, while the halo effect links traits to individuals.

    What is a self-fulfilling prophecy?

    It occurs when a prediction leads to actions that make it come true.

    What is confirmation bias?

    The tendency to favor information that supports our existing beliefs.

    What is an echo chamber?

    A space where one only receives information that confirms their beliefs.

    How does social pressure influence perception?

    It can lead individuals to conform to group perceptions to gain acceptance.

    What is herd mentality?

    The tendency to adopt behaviors or beliefs of a group to avoid social rejection.