PDF Notes: SU 3

What are carbohydrates made of?

Composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

What defines a polymer?

Formed from repeated monomer units.

List the four subclasses of lipids.

Fatty acids, triglycerides, phospholipids, steroids.

What is the function of carbohydrates?

Provide energy and structural support.

How do carbohydrate monomers bind?

Through glycosidic bonds to form polymers.

What distinguishes saturated from unsaturated fatty acids?

Saturated have no double bonds; unsaturated have one or more.

What is the structure of phospholipids?

Composed of glycerol, two fatty acids, and a phosphate group.

What is the primary structure of proteins?

Sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain.

What are the building blocks of nucleic acids?

Nucleotides, which include a sugar, phosphate, and base.

How does RNA differ from DNA?

RNA is single-stranded and contains ribose; DNA is double-stranded and contains deoxyribose.

What is the role of ATP in cells?

Transfers energy from metabolic processes to cellular functions.

What is a disaccharide?

Formed from two monosaccharides linked by a glycosidic bond.

What is the function of proteins?

Catalyze reactions, provide structure, and regulate processes.

What are the types of polysaccharides?

Starch, glycogen, and cellulose.

What is the significance of peptide bonds?

Link amino acids together in proteins.

What are the two classes of nucleic acids?

DNA and RNA.

What is the difference between purines and pyrimidines?

Purines have two rings; pyrimidines have one ring.

What happens during the hydrolysis of ATP?

ATP is converted to ADP, releasing energy.