knowledge from reason

What defines empiricism?

Knowledge comes solely from experience.

What is rationalism's intuition and deduction thesis?

Some knowledge can be acquired through thought alone.

How do analytic truths differ from synthetic truths?

Analytic truths are true by definition; synthetic truths depend on the world.

What is a priori knowledge?

Knowledge acquired without experience.

What is a posteriori knowledge?

Knowledge gained through experience.

What is Descartes' cogito argument?

Doubting one's existence proves one exists.

What are clear and distinct ideas?

Ideas that are unambiguous and sharply defined.

What is the trademark argument?

The concept of God must come from an infinite being.

What is the evil demon scenario?

A thought experiment questioning the reliability of perception.

What does Hume's Fork state?

Knowledge is divided into relations of ideas and matters of fact.

What is innate knowledge?

Knowledge present at birth, not acquired through experience.

How does Locke's tabula rasa differ from Leibniz's view?

Locke sees the mind as a blank slate; Leibniz sees it as innately structured.

What is the causal adequacy principle?

The cause must have at least as much reality as its effect.

What is the significance of the three waves of doubt?

They illustrate the extent of Descartes' skepticism.

What happens if innate knowledge is rejected?

All knowledge must be derived from experience.

What is the implication of Descartes' argument for the external world?

Trust in perception is justified if God exists.