1151853583

    Master this deck with 48 terms through effective study methods.

    Imported from Quizlet

    Created by @pspahn24

    Product Quality

    Fitness for consumption; how well a product meets customer needs.

    Design Quality

    How well product features match customer requirements.

    Conformance Quality

    Meeting design specifications.

    Total Quality Management (TQM)

    Organization-wide commitment to continuous quality improvement.

    Prevention Costs

    Costs to prevent defects.

    Appraisal Costs

    Costs of inspecting and testing products.

    Internal Failure Costs

    Defects found before delivery to customer.

    External Failure Costs

    Defects found after delivery.

    PDCA Cycle

    Plan, Do, Check, Act method for continuous improvement.

    Six Sigma

    Method focused on reducing variation and defects (3.4 defects per million).

    DMAIC

    Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control improvement process in Six Sigma.

    Pareto Analysis

    80/20 rule; small causes create most problems.

    Cause-and-Effect Diagram

    Tool used to identify root causes of problems.

    Control Chart

    Statistical tool to monitor process variation over time.

    Raw Materials

    Basic inputs used to produce goods.

    Work in Process (WIP)

    Inventory currently being produced.

    Finished Goods

    Completed products ready for sale.

    MRO Inventory

    Maintenance, repair, and operating supplies.

    Cycle Stock

    Regular inventory ordered repeatedly to meet demand.

    Seasonal Stock

    Inventory built in advance of peak demand.

    Safety (Buffer) Stock

    Extra inventory to protect against uncertainty.

    Speculative Stock

    Inventory purchased to avoid future price increases.

    Transit Stock

    Inventory moving between locations.

    Inventory Turnover

    Number of times inventory is sold and replaced per year (COGS ÷ Avg Inventory).

    Days of Supply

    Number of days inventory will last (Inventory ÷ Daily Demand).

    Total Acquisition Cost (TAC)

    Ordering cost plus carrying cost.

    Economic Order Quantity (EOQ)

    Order quantity that minimizes total acquisition cost.

    Reorder Point (ROP)

    Inventory level that triggers a new order (Demand × Lead Time).

    Safety Stock Formula

    SS = z × standard deviation of demand during lead time.

    Bullwhip Effect

    Demand variation increases upstream in the supply chain.

    Lean

    Philosophy focused on eliminating waste and improving flow.

    Overproduction

    Producing more than needed.

    Waiting

    Idle time due to delays.

    Transportation Waste

    Unnecessary movement of materials.

    Overprocessing

    Doing more work than customer requires.

    Inventory Waste

    Excess stock sitting unused.

    Motion Waste

    Unnecessary movement by workers.

    Defects

    Products requiring rework or scrap.

    Push System

    Production based on forecasted demand.

    Pull System (Kanban)

    Production based on actual demand.

    Takt Time

    Rate of production needed to meet customer demand.

    5S

    Sort, Straighten, Scrub, Systematize, Standardize workplace organization system.

    Poka-Yoke

    Mistake-proofing system.

    Kaizen

    Continuous small improvements.

    Square Root Rule

    Inventory reduction formula when changing number of warehouse locations.

    Service Level

    Probability of not having a stockout.

    Stockout

    Running out of inventory when needed.

    Continuous Review System

    Inventory constantly monitored; reorder when ROP is reached.