PDF Notes: SS3 BIOLOGY WEEK_ 1-WPS Office

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    What is heredity?

    The passing of traits from parents to offspring.

    What defines genetics?

    The study of heredity and variation in living organisms.

    What are alleles?

    Pairs of genes controlling contrasting traits.

    What is a gamete?

    A mature sex cell involved in reproduction.

    What is a zygote?

    A single cell formed from the union of male and female gametes.

    What is a gene?

    A unit of genetic information located on chromosomes.

    What are chromosomes?

    Structures in the nucleus that house genes.

    What is DNA?

    The molecule encoding genetic information.

    What is a locus?

    The specific location of a gene on a chromosome.

    What is heterozygous?

    Having different alleles for the same trait.

    What is homozygous?

    Having identical alleles for a trait.

    What is phenotype?

    The observable characteristics of an organism.

    What is genotype?

    The genetic makeup inherited from both parents.

    What is a dominant trait?

    A trait expressed when at least one dominant allele is present.

    What is a recessive trait?

    A trait expressed only when two recessive alleles are present.

    What does haploid mean?

    Having one set of chromosomes in gametes.

    What does diploid mean?

    Having two sets of chromosomes in body cells.

    What is a filial generation?

    The offspring generation from parent organisms.

    What is a hybrid?

    An offspring from genetically different parents of the same species.

    What is hybridization?

    The crossing of plants with contrasting traits.

    What is a monohybrid cross?

    A cross between parents differing at one gene pair.

    What is a dihybrid cross?

    A study of inheritance patterns for two traits.

    What is mutation?

    A change in genetic makeup resulting in new traits.

    What is meiosis?

    The process of cell division producing gametes with half the chromosome number.

    What is hereditary variation?

    Differences among individuals passed from parents to offspring.

    What is environmental variation?

    Differences not passed to the next generation.

    What are transmittable characters?

    Traits controlled by genes that can be inherited.

    What are some transmittable characters in humans?

    Height, skin color, blood group, and intelligence.

    What are some transmittable characters in plants?

    Height, flower color, and resistance to diseases.

    How are characters transmitted?

    Through gametes produced by meiosis.