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    What defines a specialized cell?

    Adapted to perform specific functions in multicellular organisms.

    Name two examples of specialized animal cells.

    Nerve cells and muscle cells.

    Name two examples of specialized plant cells.

    Xylem cells and phloem cells.

    How do specialized cells differ from unicellular organisms?

    Multicellular organisms have various cell types, while unicellular organisms have one cell performing all functions.

    Why do nerve cells have branching fibers?

    To facilitate message transmission throughout the body.

    How do muscle cells work together?

    They contract and relax in pairs to move bones.

    What is the function of xylem tissue?

    Carries water and minerals from roots to the plant.

    Describe two adaptations of xylem cells.

    Form long, hollow tubes and have lignin for strength.

    What does phloem tissue transport?

    Sugars produced by photosynthesis.

    How are phloem cells adapted for their function?

    Contain sieve plates for nutrient movement and are supported by companion cells.

    What are sieve plates?

    Gaps in phloem cell walls that allow dissolved nutrients to move freely.

    How do xylem and phloem tissues differ?

    Xylem transports water; phloem transports sugars.