Master this deck with 63 terms through effective study methods.
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The process of inhalation (inflow) and exhalation (outflow) of air - involves the exchange of air between the atmosphere and the alveoli of the lungs.
The exchange of gases between the alveoli of the lungs and the blood in pulmonary capillaries across the respiratory membrane. In this process, blood in pulmonary capillaries gain oxygen and loses carbon dioxide.
The exchange of gases between blood in systemic capillaries and tissue cells. In this step the blood loses oxygen and gains carbon dioxide.
The metabolic reactions that consume oxygen and give off carbon dioxide during the production of ATP.
Projections within the nasal cavity that increase the surface area for conditioning of the air that enters.
Air passageways within the nasal cavity.
Region of upper respiratory tract that lies just posterior to the nasal and oral cavities.
Posterior portion of the roof of the mouth that prevents food and drink from going up into the nasal cavity.
Equalizes air pressure between the middle ear and the atmosphere.
Short passageway (aka voice box) that connects the laryngopharynx with the trachea.
Hyaline cartilage that forms the anterior wall of the larynx and gives it a triangular shape.
Elastic cartilage that seals off the larynx during swallowing to prevent food or drink from entering the respiratory tract.
A complete ring of hyaline cartilage that forms the inferior wall of the larynx.
Wedge-shaped cartilages that support the vocal folds and lateral aspects of the epiglottis.
Horn-shaped pieces of elastic cartilage located at the apex of each arytenoid cartilage.
Triangular pieces of mostly hyaline cartilage located at the posterior, superior border of the cricoid cartilage.
Superior folds within the larynx that function in holding the breath against pressure in the thoracic cavity, such as might occur when a person strains to lift a heavy object.
Inferior folds within the larynx that vibrate to produce sound (phonation).
Tubular passageway that extends from the larynx to the primary bronchi.
One of the two main air passages that branch from the trachea and convey air towards a lung.
Air passages for each lobe of the lungs.
Air passages for each segment of the lungs.
Represent the end of the conducting zone of the respiratory system.
"Zone" of the respiratory tract responsible for moving, warming, filtering, and humidifying air.
"Zone" of the respiratory tract responsible for gas exchange.
Layer of the pleura that lines the wall of the thoracic cavity.
Layer of the pleura that covers the lungs themselves.
The small space between the visceral and parietal pleurae.
First portion of the respiratory zone where gas exchange can occur at alveoli that bud from the walls of the bronchiole.
Air sacs of the lungs that allow rapid gas exchange.
The point where the trachea divides into right and left main bronchi - the most sensitive area for triggering a cough reflex.
The tissue through which gases diffuse between the air in alveoli and the blood in the pulmonary capillaries.
Simple squamous epithelial cells that form the alveolar wall.
Cells that secrete alveolar fluid, which keeps the surface between the cells and the air moist - ncluded in the alveolar fluid is surfactant.
a complex mixture of phospholipids and lipoproteins that lowers the surface tension of alveolar fluid, which reduces the tendency of alveoli to collapse.
Phagocytes that remove fine dust particles and other debris from the alveolar spaces.
The pressure of a gas in a closed container is inversely proportional to the volume of the container.
Muscle responsible for about 75% of the air that enters the lungs during quiet breathing.
Muscle responsible for about 25% of the air that enters the lungs during normal quiet breathing.
Muscles compress the thoracic cavity during forced exhalation.
Muscles expand thoracic cavity during forced inhalation.
Pressure in the pleural cavity that is always a negative pressure (lower than atmospheric pressure).
Pressure in the lungs that is below atmospheric during inhalation and above atmospheric during exhalation.
Force responsible for normal exhalation during quiet breathing.
Amount of air inhaled or exhaled with each breath under resting conditions.
Amount of air that can be forcefully inhaled after a normal tidal volume inhalation
Amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a normal tidal volume exhalation
Amount of air remaining in the lungs after forced exhalation
Maximum amount of air that can be inspired after a normal expiration (TV + IRV).
Volume of air remaining in the lungs after a normal tidal volume expiration (ERV + RV).
Maximum amount of air that can be expired after a maximum inspiratory effort (TV + IRV + ERV)
Maximum amount of air contained in lungs (TV + IRV + ERV + RV)
Each gas in a mixture of gases exerts its own pressure as if no other gases were present.
The greatest percentage (70%) of carbon dioxide is transported in the blood as this molecule.
The physiological phenomenon stating that hemoglobin's affinity is inversely related to acidity (increasing acidity = decreasing affinity).
Enzyme in red blood cells that catalyzes the conversion of carbon dioxide to carbonic acid or carbonic acid back to carbon dioxide.
Molecule in RBCs produced in response to thyroxine, hGH, Epi, NE, and testosterone (enhances unloading).
Collection of neurons in the medulla oblongata that generate impulses to the diaphragm via the phrenic nerves and the external intercostal muscles via the intercostal nerves
Collection of neurons in the medulla oblongata that become activated when forceful breathing is required
Receptors in the medulla oblongata that sense changes in H+ concentration and carbon dioxide in cerebrospinal fluid.
Receptors in the aorta and carotid arteries that sense changes in oxygen, H+, and carbon dioxide levels in the blood.
Nerves that contain sensory neurons that monitor chemistry of blood in the carotid arteries and aorta.
Nerves that contain motor neurons that stimulate contraction of the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles.