Enzymes

    Master this deck with 25 terms through effective study methods.

    Imported from Quizlet

    Created by @jbf

    What is the substance which increases enzyme activity

    Cofactors and coenzymes

    What is a cofactor?

    a non protein part of the enzyme that some enzymes require to be active. It can be either organic or inorganic

    What is a coenzyme?

    an organic cofactor which is made from vitamins like B3

    What is the substance which decreases enzyme activity

    Inhibitors

    What are the two types of inhibitors

    Competitive and non-competitive inhibitors

    What is the name of the site that non competitive inhibitors bind to

    Allosteric site

    Why do non competitive inhibitors lower vmax compared to competitive inhibitors

    Non competitive inhibitors alter the active site so the enzyme is non functional no matter how many substrates there are. Whereas competitive inhibitors just get diluted out by increasing substrate concentration

    What is end product inhibition

    the term used for enzyme inhibition that occurs when the product of a reaction acts as an inhibitor to the enzyme that produces it

    Why is hydrogen peroxide harmful

    It is toxic and causes damage to cells

    Where is hydrogen peroxide produced

    It is naturally produced as a biproduct of aerobic respiration

    What is a standard q10 for most enzyme controlled reactions

    2

    What is an inactive precursor enzyme

    When enzymes are produced in an enzyme inactive form also known as an apoenzyme

    How can an inactive precursor enzyme be activated

    Through a cofactor or coenzyme which changes the shape of the active site to make it complememtary

    What are proenzymes or zymogems

    When a precursor enzymes becomes activated by temperature or ph changing their active site

    What is an activated precursor enzyme called

    Holoenzyme

    What is trypsin?

    protein digesting enzyme produced by the pancreas

    What are the two main models for how enzymes work

    Lock and key model and induced-fit hypothesis

    How does the induced fit model work?

    the shape of the enzyme changes when the substrate fits into the active site because the initial binding is weak and the binding can weaken bonds within the reactants

    What types of enzymes digest food

    Extracellular enzymes

    How do single-called organisms get their nutrients

    They secrete enzyme into their immediate environment and then they absorb the smaller molecules

    How do the enzymes in thermophiles work

    More number of bonds in their tertiary structure like sulphide bridges and hydrogen bonds which makes them more stable. Resistant to temperature change

    How are enzymes adapted to the cold

    They are more flexible , making them less stable an smaller temperature changes denature them

    What is the term for when ph returns to its optimal level

    Renaturation

    How does changing ph affect enzymes

    A change In hydrogen ion concentration affects how much the ions interact with the polar or charged R groups on amino acids and changes how much they interact with each other

    Why are prosthetics groups for enzymes different to cofactors

    Prosthetic groups bind strongly and permanently form a part of the protein