Master this deck with 100 terms through effective study methods.
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-predominantely private insurance - VA
- medicare - medicaid - VA
- people over 65 - certain people with disabilities
- high administrative costs - unequal access to care - high out of pocket expenses
- negotiate prices with providers - act as intermediaries between patients and providers
- cutting edge medical technologies - very high healthcare spending per capita
- expand health insurance coverage - prevent insurers from denying coverage for pre-existing conditions
- people in precarious employment - people without employer based insurance
- lower overall costs - equal access based on need - greater social inequality
- longer waiting lists - higher taxes - less choice of providers
canada UK Sweden
- taxes - social security
- lower preventable mortality - focus on preventative care
- taxes - promoting political change - efficiency and management
- pressuring cuban government - promoting political change - restricting trade with cuba
- shortages of certain goods - partial economic isolation - difficulties importing medical technology
UN allies humanitarian organizations
- universal coverage - strong primary care network - predominantly private hospitals
- high life expectancy - widespread system of family doctors
- sending medical brigades abroad - training doctors from other countries - exporting medical services
- shortages of medical supplies - difficulty accessing advanced technology - effects of the embargo on imports
- community based family medicine - preventative care
- good care with low spending - strong emphasis on prevention
- cold war finished in 1989 but since then russia has not become closer to nato - many feared baltic republics could be next after russias take over of ukraine - while nato has worries the reality is nato is still the wolrds pre-emminent military alliance
kazakhstan, china, ukraine, mongolia, finland, belarus, georgia, poland, lithuania, estonia, latvia, norway, azerbaijan
- africa of past was given no choice, geography shaped its future - europeans engineered most of its boarders -now: booming populations and mega-cities
- africa can be understood as having two parts - bottom two thirds: jungles, swamp, difficult for agriculture - animals not good for farming
- western flank is weakest point - has been invaded by the poles in 1605, swedes in 1707 and french in 1812
- russian empire is an enormous landmass located far to the north - extremely shorts growing season - big part of territory is not populated, many minorities
- natural tendenecy of russia is to disintegrate, to remain united needs centralized and autocratic bureaucracy - without centralized system, it would fly apart - urbanization, industrilizations would have been impossible without strong center
- every index is useful to see evolution of a country overtime - recommended to use several indexes - countries at top and bottom have similar position in every ranking but in middle there are differences
- expansion preceeded collapse of soviet union and the cotraction of russia to current boarders - today russia retreated to boarders the russsia empire had in 17th century - it has lost western buffers in ukraine and baltic and strong foothold in caucasus and central asia
- GDP has been used as main indicator but doesnt include population, GDP per capita used to compliment - GDP per capita only measures one economic domenion and doesnt account for socio economic differences. UN proposed HDI - many other indices have been suggested such as global happiness index
several small countries (san marino, malta, singapore) are in the top 10 - the middle east and north african many countries rank highly
hillary clinton
- the us health care system spends a higher portion of its GDP than any other country - it ranks 37 out of 191 countries according to performance
- are treated worse than prisoners
- as michael moore shows people are normally calm and content in waiting rooms - in most developed health care system around the world 15-20 percent of pop. buys medical services outside of government. do it through suplemental insurance and out of pocket costs
18,000
43.6 million
- cuban system doesn't charge fees for treating patients from abroad
- obamacare - ensure every american could afford health insurance plan and expand medicaid - signed into law by president obama on march 23, 2010
- caused significant reduction in percentage of people without health insurance - by 2019, 35 states and DC expanded coverage
prevent future wars
1919
- no army - lack of economic power - decisions required unanimity
French and English
Japanese invasion of Manchuria - italian invasion of ethiopia - german rearanment
1945
maintain peace and security
Security council general assembly ICJ
US, China, Russia, France, UK
new york
WHO IMF UNESCO
-debate and make recommendations
- more effective - better funded - more universal in membership
WWII
protecting civilians monitoring ceasefires
- depend on willingness of member states to act
- enlgish, french, russian, chinese, arabic
- consecutive between english and french
- simultaneous interpretation into 6 official languages
- 36.8 million refugees - 8.4 million are asylum seekers and 5.9 are pother people in need of protection
- 49 million children forcibly displaces end of 2024 - 2.3 million children were born as refugees end of 2024 - between 2018-2024 385,000 children were born as refugees per year
- 1.6 million refugees returned in 2023 and 188,800 were resettled - 73 percent are hosted in low-middle income countries - 67 percent live in neighboring countries of origin
- collective EU approach should restrict and mange refugee flow - people fleeing war and oppression must be assured of protection
- most eu belong to area and can travel freely - eu on boarder increasing efforts to guard it and stop unchecked influx - Frontex: boarder agencies helps EU guard external boarders
- fingerprints taken and stored - detailed information means at a later date they can establish when and where the refugee entered - refugees burn fingerprints to avoid this
- must do this in country where they enter EU - asylum seekers who do not require protection must return to country of origin or safe third country - EU respects human rights of refugees bothwhen dealing with applications and returns
- EU wants to limit influx of refugees by providing reception in region - maintain public support for reception of genuine refugees - seeks to speed up return of economic refugees and asylum seekers from safe countries to their countries of origin
- eu helps african countries in their efforts ti guard coastlines and boarders - europol and frontex support eu by finding smuggling networks and providing info for investigation - people smugglers often mislead people into thinking its easy
Turkey, iran, colombia, germanu, uganda, pakistan, chad, russia, ethiopia, bangladesh
- two superpowers veoted each others proposals - between 1945 and 1991 UNSC was not efficient
- 1990s manu proposals came about reforming UN - increase geographical inclusiveness of UNSC - veto power of permanent members has been questioned - other proposals include increasing membership of UNSC
- established in 2000
- eradicate extreme poverty and hunger - promote gender equality and empower women
- improve maternal health - combat hiv/aids, malaria and other diseases - develop global partnership for development
- lack of legitimacy - too much emphasis on donors and not enough on developing countries - more suststainability, human rights, and agriculture
established in 2015
No poverty Zero hunger Good health and well being Quality education Gender equality Clean water and sanitation Affordable and clean energy Decent work and economic growth Industry, innovation, and infrastructure Reduced inequalities Sustainable cities and communities Responsible consumption and production Climate action Life below water Life on land Peace, justice, and strong institutions Partnerships for the goals
mid 20th century
economic terms
- developed and underdeveloped
- underdeveloped changed to developing - term mixed with idea of third world - third world, second, and first world were used during cold war
- underdeveloped, developing, and third world are same - non-white people of these places were inferior to people in developed places - colonized people and scholars have pushed back on this - pushed back on development being tied to how similar something is to the west
- top 30 countries for GDP - free market economy - owning natural resources makes country wealthy
- language in field is still evolving - global north and south used now - developed and underdeveloped created by colonizers
- did so through extracting resources from own country or others - labels we use to tell the story of dominated countries - stories guide global response on how wealthy countries treat lower income ones
- takes economic infrastructures - takes political infrastructures - takes massive amount of wealth
- loans to fund development projects from world bank, IMF, and other supranational organizations - if country can not pay back what they owe they defaulyt and have to work out repayment deal which involves restructuring economy
- shapes interactions that are allowable - shapes where wealth gets located shapes global discourse on what is acceptable economic practice and what is not
- history should be viewed as an evolutionary process - end of hisotry means western liberal democracy is the final form of goverment for all nations - since french revolution, liberal democracy has repeatedly proven to be a better system - there can be no progression from it to an alternative system
- democracy will become more and more prevalent in the long term - EU more accurately reflects what the world will look like at the end of history than contemporary US
- in 1959 seymour martin lipset observed that democracy is correlated to economic development - in lipsets view, modernization can turn into democracy - authors such as daniel lerner explicatly equated modernization with westernization
- civil society, mixed geographic constituencies and education relate to democracy - equality, urbanization, trade agreements and membership in international organization tend to be related to democracy - some authors argue that democracy can also be imposed
- peerenboom argues asian countries have democratized only after economic growth - china will grant democratic rights when it becomes as modern and rich as west - ingelhart argue that societies are only when material needs are covered can people think about their political freedom and civil liberties - Adam Prezeworksi: don't know why democratic transitions occur but once there countries with high GDP remain democratic
- measures state of democracy in 167 countries - it categorizes each country into either: full democracies, flawed democracies, hybrid regimes, authoritarian regimes - final report indicates what kinds of experts, their numbers, whether they are employees or independent and their nationalities
- nations classified as free, partly free, or not free - liberties rather than excercise of freedom - produces annual scores representing levels of political rights and civil liberties
- data series in poli sci research - created by Ted robert Gurr in 1960s - US only democracy in 1842 being given 9/10 during slavery and 10/10 during jim crow - divides countries into full democracy, democracies, open anocracies, closed anocracies, and autocracies
- Explores people's values and norms, how they change over time, and what impact they have in society and business - network of social scientists conduct survey in almost 100 countries - findings provide info for policy makers seeking to build society and democratic institutions