9508359

    Master this deck with 81 terms through effective study methods.

    Imported from Quizlet

    Created by @crackpotman

    Anatomy

    the study of the structure and relationship between body parts

    Physiology

    the study of the function of body parts and the body as a whole

    Histology

    the study of tissues at a microscopic level

    Cytology

    the study of cells at a microscopic level

    Neurophysiology

    the study of how the nervous system function

    Organelles

    specialized bodies within the cell that perform specific cellular functions

    Homeostasis

    the maintenance of stable, internal conditions within specific limits

    Negative Feedback

    a sensing mechanism that detects a change in conditions beyond specific limits

    Effector

    control center or integrator that evaluates the change and activates a second mechanism to correct the condition

    Positive Feedback

    an action that intensifies a condition so that it is driven farther beyond normal limits

    Sagittal Planes

    divide a body or organ vertically

    Frontal Plane

    divides body or organ into front and back

    Horizontal Plane

    divides body or organ into top and bottom

    Posterior/Dorsal Cavity

    includes cranial and vertebral cavity

    Anterior/Ventral Cavity

    includes the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity

    Ipsilateral

    on the same side of the body

    Contralateral

    on opposite sides of the body

    DNA

    where molecules store the genetic information of a cell

    Catalyst

    any substance that accelerates a reaction but does not undergo a chemical change itself

    Metabolism

    the breakdown of substances, the formation of new products, or the transferring of energy from one substance to another

    Tissues

    groups of similar cells working together to perform a common function

    Epithelial Tissue

    closely packed, flattened cells that are mainly avascular and the upper surface is exposed to the outside of the body

    Squamous Cells

    flat epithelium cells

    Cuboidal Cells

    cube or hexagon shaped epithelium cells

    Columnar Cells

    tall, thick epithelium cells that protect underlying tissue

    Transitional Cells

    range from flat to tall epithelium cells that extend or compress in response to body movements

    Endocrine Glands

    secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream

    Exocrine Glands

    secrete their substances into tubes or ducts which carry the secretions to the epithelial surface

    Functions of Skin

    protection, sensation, thermoregulation, synthesis of vitamin D, and excretion of salts and small amounts of wastew

    Keratinocytes

    produces keratin in the skin to harden and waterproof the skin

    Melanocytes

    produce melanin to protect cells from ultraviolet radiation

    Langerhans Cells

    phagocytic macrophages that interact with white blood cells during an immune response

    Merkel Cells

    deep in the epidermis; serve a sensory function

    Stratum Lucidum

    "thick skin"; found only in palm and sole

    Dermis

    second layer of skin; consists of various connective tissues

    Hypodermis

    between dermis and underlying organs; consists mostly of adipose

    Hair Shaft

    portion of the hair that is visible

    Hair Root

    portion of hair that penetrates the skin

    Hair Follicle

    the sheath that surrounds the hair in the skin

    Bulb

    base of the hair follicle

    matrix

    bottom of the hair follicle where cells divide and produce new hair cells

    Arrector Pili

    a smooth muscle that is attached to the hair and causes the hair to "stand up" when cold or frightened

    Lunula

    semilunar lighter region of the nail

    Sudoriferous

    sweat

    Hematopoiesis

    the production of blood cells in the red marrow found within the cavities of certain bones

    Sesamoid Bones

    round bones such as the knee

    Sutural or Wormian Bones

    occur between the joints of the cranial bone

    Compact Bone

    hard material that makes up the shaft of long bones and the outside surfaces of other bones

    Diaphysis

    shaft; the long tubular portion of long bones

    Epiphysis

    the expanded end of a long bone; where red blood cells are formed

    Periosteum

    the membrane covering the outside of the diaphysis

    Metaphysis

    the area where the diaphysis meets the epiphysis

    Medullary Cavity

    marrow cavity is the open area within the diaphysis

    Articular Cartilage

    covers the epiphysis where the joints occur

    Endosteum

    the membrane that lines the marrow cavity

    Crest

    narrow ridge

    Epicondyle

    process on or above a condyle

    Spine

    sharp or pointed process

    Trochanter

    large, irregularly shaped process found only on the femur

    Tubercle

    small, knoblike process

    Tuberosity

    large, knoblike process

    Fissure

    narrow opening

    Fontanel

    membrane-covered spaces between skulls bones (only in babies)

    Foramen

    round opening

    Fossa

    shallow depression

    Fovea

    pitlike depression

    Meatus

    tubelike passage

    Sinus

    interior cavity

    Sulcus

    long, narrow depression

    How many cranial bones are there?

    8

    How many facial bones are there?

    14

    How many vertebrae are there?

    26; 7 cervical, 12 thoracic and 5 lumbar, sacrum and coccyx

    Synovial Joints

    surrounded by synovial fluid and make up most joints in the body

    Sarcolemma

    plasma membrane of the muscle cell

    Aponeurosis

    a flat broad extension of the three muscle linings and serves the same function as a tendon

    Fascia

    layer or sheet of connective tissue

    Motor Neuron

    muscle stimulated by a neuron

    Axon

    long, slender process of the cell that sends nerve impulses

    Efferent Neurons

    transmit nerve impulses from the CNS toward cells that produce a response

    Schwann Cells

    wrap around the axon to produce an insulating myelin sheath

    Synapse

    the gap that separates adjacent neurons or a neuron and a muscle