World History Industrial Revolution Unit Test

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    Why did investment in roads, bridges, and canals become important to the Industrial Revolution?

    Lowered transportation costs for goods.

    What led to more workers being available for factory jobs?

    Population boom in the 19th Century.

    How did the Industrial Revolution change social classes?

    Created a middle class and expanded the wealthy class.

    What is a canal?

    A man-made waterway connecting two bodies of water.

    Which natural resource powered steam engines?

    Coal.

    Who invented the cotton gin?

    Eli Whitney.

    What were large agricultural fields in Britain called?

    Enclosures.

    What defines the Industrial Revolution?

    Shift from agriculture to industry.

    What problems were caused by urbanization?

    Overcrowding and pollution.

    Who is credited with revolutionizing the use of steel?

    Henry Bessemer.

    What rights did children have during the Industrial Revolution?

    Worked in factories for little pay.

    Why did Britain become the center of the Industrial Revolution?

    Favorable conditions and resources.

    What is socialism?

    Society controls the means of production.

    What invention led to the steamboat and railroad?

    Steam Engine.

    What were negative effects of Industrialization?

    Labor exploitation and child labor.

    What is a tenement?

    Crowded urban apartment building.

    What types of jobs did children perform during the IR?

    Dangerous jobs like adults.

    How were factory workers treated?

    Poorly, with dangerous conditions.

    What process prevents germs from entering liquids?

    Pasteurization.

    What are textile mills?

    Factories for clothes and fabrics.

    What does the cottage system refer to?

    Making products at home or in workshops.

    What two resources allowed England to industrialize?

    Iron and coal.

    What were factory conditions like?

    Dangerous and unhealthy.

    What did the enclosure movement allow?

    Fencing off common lands.

    What is the factory system?

    Concentration of industry in large establishments.

    What is a negative consequence of urbanization?

    Water and air pollution.

    What is a steam engine?

    Heat engine using steam power.

    What does standard of living refer to?

    Quality of life indicators.

    What is urbanization?

    Growth of cities from rural migration.

    Which method of transportation improved in England?

    Canals.

    What are tenements?

    Poorly constructed urban housing.

    What is a cottage industry?

    Products made in steps by home workers.

    What did wealthy farmers benefit from?

    Economies of scale in large farming.

    What invention produced stronger thread than the Spinning-Jenny?

    Water frame.

    Who invented the steam engine?

    James Watt.

    What supported machines before the Industrial Revolution?

    Animals and humans.

    What is urbanization?

    Making areas more city-like.

    What was a positive effect of the Industrial Revolution?

    Creation of new inventions.

    What invention decreased cotton thread production time?

    Water Frame.

    What is textile?

    Cloth material.

    Who developed a smallpox vaccine?

    Edward Jenner.

    Who wrote the Wealth of Nations?

    Adam Smith.

    Who made up the majority of factory workers initially?

    Women.

    What were negative effects of urbanization?

    Poor working conditions and pollution.

    What industry was first affected by the Industrial Revolution?

    Textiles.

    What were advantages of new factories?

    Increased production efficiency.

    How did the Industrial Revolution affect women’s roles?

    Women began working in factories.