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What are the primary functions of the oral cavity?

Mechanical breakdown and lubrication of food.

How does the pharynx function in digestion?

It serves as a common passageway for air and food.

What is the role of the oesophagus?

Transporting food to the stomach via peristalsis.

What distinguishes the stomach from the small intestine?

The stomach has rugae and secretes HCl for digestion.

What is the primary function of the small intestine?

Absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream.

What happens in the large intestine?

Water absorption and feces formation occur.

What is the function of the rectum?

Storage of feces until defecation.

What is the role of the tongue in digestion?

Manipulates food and aids in swallowing.

What do salivary glands produce?

Saliva, which lubricates food and begins digestion.

What is the composition of saliva?

Water, electrolytes, enzymes, and antibacterial proteins.

What does the liver produce?

Bile, which is essential for fat digestion.

What is the function of the gallbladder?

Stores and concentrates bile for fat digestion.

What does the pancreas secrete?

Pancreatic juice containing enzymes for digestion.

What is the primary component of saliva?

Water, making up approximately 99% of its composition.

How do the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands differ?

They vary in size and the type of saliva produced.

What is the significance of the epiglottis?

It prevents choking by closing the trachea during swallowing.