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    Master this deck with 41 terms through effective study methods.

    Imported from Quizlet

    Created by @asawfwav

    What is the Internet?

    A network of networks (internetwork)

    What is a host?

    Clients and servers

    What is an end-system?

    Individual computers that initiate requests or provide services - Computers - Servers - Printers - etc.

    What is an end node?

    Hosts (clients and servers)

    What is an internal node?

    Switches and router

    What is a router?

    A specialized node that connects between networks. Forwards packets, implements security (firewall and NAT)

    What is a network?

    Two or more nodes connected by a link

    What is the primary requirement of a network?

    Provide connectivity

    What is a protocol?

    A set of rules for how devices communicate and how data is transmitted across a network

    What is the network edge?

    - Hosts and applications - Clients and servers

    What is the network core?

    mesh of interconnected routers

    What do you look for in an access network?

    1. Transmission rate 2. Shared or dedicated access among users

    Why do we usually get better download rates than upload rates?

    You usually need to download more than you need to upload

    What are the types of access networks?

    - Wired Access Network - Wireless Access Network (WAN) - Wireless Local Access Network (WLAN) - Wide-Area Cellular Access Network

    What is a WAN?

    Wireless Access Network that connects end systems to router.

    What is a WLAN?

    Wireless Local Area Network. Typically within or around a building

    What is NAT?

    Network Address Translation. Hides all devices in a home network behind a single public IP address.

    What is bandwidth?

    The transmission rate of a communication link

    What is circuit switching?

    End-end resources allocated to/reserved for "call" between source and destination. Divides link bandwidth into pieces (FDM and TDM)

    What is FDM?

    Frequency Division Multiplexing. Partitions a resource in frequency.

    What is TDM?

    Time Division Multiplexing. Partition a resource in time.

    What is packet switching?

    Data sent through network in discrete chunks (packets). Allows more users to use a network.

    What is statistical multiplexing?

    Packets are multiplexed based on statistical behavior of the traffic. - Packets are distributed in the network, and are then assembled at the end user.

    What is store-and-forward?

    entire packet must arrive at router before it can be transmitted on next link

    What are the 4 sources of delay?

    1. Processing 2. Queueing 3. Transmission 4. Propagation

    What causes packet loss?

    Packets are arriving faster than they are being transmitted (queueing for too long)

    What is packet switching GOOD at?

    Bursty data

    What is packet switching BAD at?

    Reliable data transfer (Congestion and resource contention, packet delay/loss)

    What is throughput?

    Transfer Size / Time to Transfer The bandwidth perceived by the user

    What is IXP?

    Internet Exchange Point. Connects the internet to multiple ISPs around the world. Actual physical buildings.

    What is a peering link?

    A link that connects ISPs without going through an IXP directly

    What is an ISP?

    Internet Service Provider. Provides and manages a network

    How do you connect end systems to edge routers?

    - Residential access nets - Institutional access networks - Mobile access networks

    What is the layered hierarchy of internet ISPs?

    1. Tier 1 ISPs and CPNs 2. IXPs 3. Regional ISPs 4. Access ISP

    What is a CPN?

    Content Provider Network. Private networks that connect their data centers to the internet, bypassing ISPs

    What are examples of CDNs?

    - Google - Facebook

    What is the purpose of the application layer?

    Supports network applications

    What is the purpose of the transport layer?

    Process-process data transfer

    What is the purpose of the network layer?

    Routing of datagrams from source to destination

    What is the purpose of the link layer?

    Data transfer between enighboring network elements

    What is the purpose of the physical layer?

    bits "on the wire"