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A community consists of populations in the same geographic area at the same time.
An organism's niche includes its ecological requirements and interactions.
Predator populations lag behind prey populations due to food availability.
Herbivory is the consumption of plants by animals.
Two species cannot coexist if they compete for identical resources.
Resource partitioning allows species to coexist by using different resources.
Symbiosis involves close interactions between different species over time.
One species benefits while the other is neither helped nor harmed.
Mutualism benefits both interacting species.
A parasite benefits at the expense of its host.
Amensalism harms one species while the other is unaffected.
Coevolution involves reciprocal genetic changes between interacting species.
Biodiversity is measured by species richness and evenness.
Community dynamics refer to changes in structure and composition over time.
Primary succession occurs on newly formed land or exposed rock.
Secondary succession follows disturbances like wildfires, restoring the ecosystem.