Immune Defense

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    What is the role of the immune system?

    Defends against microbes and foreign substances.

    How does innate immunity differ from adaptive immunity?

    Innate immunity is the first line of defense, while adaptive immunity is more specific and has memory.

    What happens when the immune system fails?

    It leads to immunodeficiency, making the body vulnerable to infections.

    What is an antigen?

    A foreign substance that triggers an immune response.

    What is the function of T cells?

    Provide cellular immunity when stimulated by antigens.

    What do B cells produce upon contact with an antigen?

    They differentiate into plasma cells that produce antibodies.

    What is the consequence of the immune system overreacting?

    It can lead to tissue damage and autoimmune responses.

    How do macrophages contribute to adaptive immunity?

    They phagocytize pathogens and produce cytokines to induce adaptive responses.

    What is clonal selection in adaptive immunity?

    The process where lymphocytes proliferate in response to a specific antigen.

    What are T-independent antigens?

    Antigens that can trigger an immune response without T lymphocytes.