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    Master this deck with 57 terms through effective study methods.

    Imported from Quizlet

    Created by @aidenvd

    Social Psychology

    The scientific study of how the real or imagined presence of others influences thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

    Social Influence

    How other people affect an individual's thoughts, emotions, and actions

    Direct Social Influence

    Influence from direct interaction with others

    Indirect Social Influence

    Influence from others even when they are not physically present

    Empiricism

    Gaining knowledge through observation and experimentation

    Social Psychology vs. Philosophy

    Uses experiments and data rather than logic alone

    Social Psychology vs. Personality Psychology

    Focuses on situational influences rather than traits

    Social Psychology vs. Sociology

    Studies individuals rather than institutions

    Fundamental Attribution Error

    Overemphasizing personality and underestimating situations

    Folk Wisdom

    Common-sense beliefs that are often contradictory

    Behaviorism

    Behavior is learned through environmental stimuli

    Construal

    How people interpret the social world

    Gestalt Psychology

    The whole is greater than the sum of its parts

    Naïve Realism

    Belief that we see the world objectively

    Social Cognition Motive

    Desire to be accurate

    Self-Esteem Motive

    Desire to feel good about oneself

    Conflicting Motives

    Accuracy vs feeling good

    Need for Control

    Desire to control outcomes

    Power of the Situation

    Situations strongly influence behavior

    Naïve Scientist

    People naturally try to explain behavior

    Hindsight Bias

    Believing events were predictable after they occur

    Theory

    Organized explanation of observations

    Hypothesis

    Testable prediction

    Observational Method

    Describes behavior without manipulation

    Ethnography

    Studying a group from within

    Archival Analysis

    Examining existing records

    Correlational Method

    Measures relationships between variables

    Correlation Coefficient

    Strength and direction of a relationship

    Correlation Does Not Equal Causation

    Correlation cannot show cause

    Experimental Method

    Manipulates variables to determine causality

    Independent Variable

    Variable manipulated by researcher

    Dependent Variable

    Variable that is measured

    Internal Validity

    Confidence IV caused the effect

    External Validity

    Ability to generalize results

    Random Assignment

    Participants randomly placed in conditions

    P-Value

    Probability results occurred by chance

    Replication

    Repeating a study

    Meta-Analysis

    Combining results of multiple studies

    Basic Research

    Research for knowledge

    Applied Research

    Research to solve problems

    IRB

    Committee ensuring ethical research

    Informed Consent

    Participants agree knowingly

    Deception

    Misleading participants

    Debriefing

    Explaining study afterward

    Social Cognition

    How people think about the social world

    Automatic Thinking

    Fast, unconscious thinking

    Controlled Thinking

    Slow, conscious thinking

    Schemas

    Mental frameworks

    Priming

    Increasing accessibility of schemas

    Primacy Effect

    First information matters most

    Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

    Expectations cause confirming behavior

    Heuristics

    Mental shortcuts

    Availability Heuristic

    Judging by ease of recall

    Representativeness Heuristic

    Judging by similarity

    Base-Rate Information

    Statistical frequency

    Counterfactual Thinking

    Imagining alternative pasts

    Planning Fallacy

    Underestimating time to finish tasks