Master this deck with 20 terms through effective study methods.
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The procedure describes everything you do in the experiment, including the variables involved. It outlines the steps taken to conduct the experiment and ensures that the process is repeatable.
Results refer to the measurements and observations recorded during an experiment, collectively known as data. This raw data is essential for analyzing the outcome of the experiment.
Conclusions should state whether the experiment worked and include a 'when __________, then ___________' statement that mirrors the hypothesis. This format helps clarify the relationship between the hypothesis and the experimental results.
The first step of the scientific method is to make an observation. This involves noticing something in the natural world that prompts a question or further investigation.
A hypothesis is a testable statement that predicts the outcome of an experiment. It becomes credible when repeated attempts to disprove it fail, and it is supported by evidence.
Empirical data is gathered through experimentation and observation, and it is crucial for determining whether a hypothesis is supported or rejected. Analyzing this data helps scientists draw valid conclusions.
A control is a standard for comparison in an experiment, often using a substance like distilled water that does not contain any macro molecules. It helps to isolate the effects of the independent variable.
When formatting a table, label each row and column clearly, include units of measurement, and provide a descriptive title that communicates the dependent and independent variables. The title should be unique and informative.
A line graph is used to compare two continuous variables, with the independent variable on the X-axis and the dependent variable on the Y-axis. A bar graph, on the other hand, shows comparisons among several categories and is best for non-continuous data.
IKI iodine, or Lugol’s solution, tests for the presence of starch. It turns blue-black or dark purple when starch is present and brownish-yellow when it is absent.
The metric system is the standard system of measurement in science, based on the power of 10, making it easier for conversions. It provides a consistent framework for measuring volume, length, and mass.
Buffers are molecules that resist changes in pH by absorbing or releasing excess hydrogen ions. They help maintain stable pH levels in biological systems, which is crucial for proper enzyme activity and metabolic reactions.
Citations are required whenever a reference is used from a source that is not the author's own words. They provide credit to original authors and allow readers to verify the information presented.
Reagents are substances that change color or react in the presence of specific macromolecules. They are used to identify the presence of certain compounds in a sample.
The pH of a solution can be determined by calculating the total concentration of hydrogen ions present. A pH level below 7 indicates an acidic solution, while a level above 7 indicates a basic solution.
Replication of experiments is crucial for establishing the credibility of a hypothesis. If repeated attempts to disprove a hypothesis fail, it gains support and reliability in scientific research.
Acids have a pH level of less than 7 and contain more hydrogen ions, while bases have a pH level of more than 7 and contain fewer hydrogen ions. This difference is fundamental in understanding chemical properties.
A scientific literature review involves reading and interpreting research studies to understand how experiments are set up, what variables are measured, and whether conclusions are supported by data. It helps inform future research.
The ladder method is a technique for converting between metric units. When converting from a larger unit to a smaller unit, the decimal moves to the right, and it moves to the left when converting from a smaller unit to a larger unit.
A good experimental design includes clear variables, control and experimental groups, defined materials, a detailed procedure, and a method for analyzing results. These elements ensure the experiment is methodical and unbiased.