Master this deck with 20 terms through effective study methods.
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Macronutrients are nutrients that the body requires in relatively large amounts to support normal function and health. They include carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and water.
Micronutrients are nutrients that the body needs in small amounts to support normal health and body functions. They include vitamins and minerals.
An essential nutrient is a substance that must be obtained from the diet because the body cannot produce it in sufficient quantities to meet its needs.
Calories can be calculated using the formula: Calories = Grams of Nutrient × Caloric Value of Nutrient. For example, carbohydrates and proteins provide 4 calories per gram, while fats provide 9 calories per gram.
A healthy diet is characterized by being adequate, balanced, and moderate. It provides enough energy, nutrients, and fiber to maintain health, combines foods in proper proportions, and prevents overconsumption of salt and added sugars.
Nutrient density refers to foods that provide a high amount of nutrients relative to their calorie content. Examples of nutrient-dense foods include fruits and vegetables.
Clinical trials evaluate the effects of dietary interventions on health outcomes. They are designed to test hypotheses in a controlled environment.
To identify credible nutrition information, check the author's credentials, such as being a Registered Dietitian (RD) or Professional Dietitian (PD), and look for information from trusted organizations.
To calculate the percentage of calories from fat, multiply the grams of fat by 9 to find total fat calories, then divide by the total amount of calories and multiply by 100.
A nutrition expert is typically a Registered Dietitian Nutritionist (RDN). They can be identified by their credentials, experience, continuing education, and scope of practice.
The key messages of the Dietary Guidelines include following a healthy eating pattern across the lifespan, eating more fruits and vegetables, consuming less red meat, sugar, and alcohol, and incorporating more plant-based foods.
Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) are used for analyzing the food consumption of healthy people, while Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (ULs) indicate when nutrient intake may be harmful.
The scientific method involves a series of steps: formulating research questions, developing hypotheses, conducting experiments, analyzing results, and reporting findings.
Enteral nutrition uses the gastrointestinal tract to deliver nutrients, while parenteral nutrition bypasses the gut and delivers nutrients directly into the bloodstream.
Bile helps the body digest fats. It is secreted in response to the hormone secretin, which decreases gastric motility.
Prebiotics are non-digestible carbohydrates that feed beneficial gut bacteria, while probiotics are live microorganisms that enhance the existing gut flora.
Peristalsis refers to the waves of squeezing and pushing contractions that move food, chyme, and feces in one direction through the gastrointestinal tract.
Hydrochloric acid (HCl) aids in digestion by killing bacteria, denaturing proteins, and activating digestive enzymes like pepsin.
The four key aspects of food safety are to clean, separate, cook, and chill food to prevent foodborne illnesses.
Genetic modification involves changing an organism's DNA to give it new traits. Pros include higher yield and pest resistance, while cons include potential health risks and ethical concerns.