Master this deck with 83 terms through effective study methods.
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What structure of the heart is this?
What structure of the heart is this?
What structure of the heart is this?
What structure of the heart is this?
What structure of the heart is this?
What structure of the heart is this?
What structure of the heart is this?
What structure of the heart is this?
What chamber of the heart is this?
What structure of the heart is this?
What structure of the heart is this?
What structure of the heart is this?
What structure of the heart is this?
What structure of the heart is this?
What chamber of the heart is this?
What chamber of the heart is this?
What chamber of the heart is this?
What valve is this?
What valve is this?
What structure of the heart is this?
What structure of the heart is this?
What structure of the heart is this?
What valve is this?
What valve is this?
They undergo the electrical events of depolarization and repolarization, which are what spur on and go directly along with the mechanical events of systole and diastole
The Electrocardiogram utilizes electrodes on the surface of the skin, which pick up The electrical potentials started and conducted by the pathways within the heart and carried on by the electrolyte-rich body fluids.
Each of these represents the ((difference)) between two electrodes, one positive and one negative
Lead II of Einthoven's Triangle
Depolarization of right and left atria
Depolarization of left and right ventricles, as well as atrial repolarization, but it is smaller and is masked by the big ventricular complex
Repolarization of right and left ventricle
Time from onset of depolarization in atria to onset of ventricular depolarization
Onset of ventricular depolarization to end of ventricular repolarization; it also represents the ((refractory period of the ventricles))
Time between 2 successive ventricular depolarizations
Time of impulse conduction from the AV node to the ventricular myocardium
Period of time representing the early part of ventricular repolarization, during which ventricles are more or less uniformly excited
Time from the end of ventricular repolarization to the onset of atrial depolarization
P wave
P-R segment, right after P wave
Q, right as the QRS wave is beginning
S-T segment, or right at the T wave
Right at R of the QRS wave
After the T wave
Period of electrical inactivity
Higher the heart rate, the shorter the cardiac cycle; direct, negative relationship
HR slightly decreases for a short time, as in a seated position there is more gravity for the vessels, blood, and heart to work against, so there is a brief period of orthostatic hypotension before the body equalizes
The Baroceptosr Reflex is in play here. Baroceptosr in vessels don't sense as much pressure due to the blood traveling down the body with gravity, so they send slower signals and not as many to the CV center in the medulla, which activates the sympathetic nervous system. This causes ((vasoconstriction and higher contractility)), increasing the HR. ((HR increases because sympathetic NS input causes more frequent depolarization of the SA node))
Upon an inhale, something called the Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia happens. Intrathoracic pressure drops, causing vagal tone and parasympathetic stimulation to drop. The respiratory pump also squeezes the heart more, causing more atrial return. It also enacts the Atrial Bainbridge Reflex, and all these work to increase the HR. When the exhale comes, all of this stops and everything equalizes again.
HR is way higher because the muscles need way more O2 in exercise, so the heart must pump more to provide that O2. The proprioreceptors are more stimulated, stimulating the CV center in the medulla and thus causing sympathetic stimulation to the heart, upping heart rate via more SA node stimulation. There is also venoconstriction to get more blood from the blood reservoir in the vessels, upping venous return and increasing volume of blood being pumped and circulated.
Poste exercise, the duration between each is shortened, due to cardiac cycle shortening as the heart needs to pump more. ((Diastole in particular)) is shortened, as there is less time for the heart to relax before another contraction is needed.
Yes they decrease because the heart must work harder and pump more during exercise, leaving less time for the cardiac cycle to run. "Flat areas" are cut shorter, aka the actual acts of systole and diastole.
Height, weight, age fitness level, genetics, gender, medications, etc.
Sphygmomanometer
8 mmHG or so; it isn't crazy precise
Inflatable bag, cuff around the bag, a manometer (Hg column/gauge), and a rubber bulb with a release valve
We increase pressure in the cuff above a person's systolic pressure, which will make it slow and eventually stop blood flow through the brachial artery. By slowly reducing cuff pressure, blood flow will slowly be restored partially, then fully. By using a stethoscope, we can monitor these blood flow changes by listening to Sounds of Korotkoff
NOT heartbeats; when blood is flowing through a completely closed or open vessel it is silent, but it is turbulent when first restored (1st Sound of Korotkoff) and then the last sound is heard once the vessel is completely open again (2nd Sound of Korotkoff)
Seated, arm bare, supported at heart level.
Deflated bag and cuff around the arm 1 inch above the antecubital space with the marker over the brachial artery and the receiver of the stethoscope also over it, not touching the cuff
When a person has undergone a mastectomy or BP has been taken in the last 5 minutes
1. Shut off release valve on bulb 2. Pump bulb to 150-160 mmHg 3. Immediately begin slowly releasing air by turning valve, watching the gauge 4. Listen for the first sound (systolic) 5. Keep releasing until last sound is heard (diastolic)
Average of two or more readings taken at two or more doc visits after an initial screening show high BP. Low readings should be further evaluated
Less than 120/80; encourage
120-139/80-89; Yes
140-159/90-99; Yes
160/100 or over; YES
Systolic pressure - Diastolic pressure; this is the force the heart is using to pump
(Systolic + 2Diastolic) / 3
Human error, microphone is more sensitive, BP cuff has an 8 mmHG error range, communication lag
Systolic and diastolic both increase, but systolic increases much more than diastolic. Systolic and diastolic are both lowest at supine and highest at exercise, changing along with HR
Systolic would increase, and diastolic would too, but not by near as much. Pulse pressure will also significantly change
It increases, as vessel elasticity decreases big time, so the arterial ability to stretch and recoil and way inhibited. Pressure will be more intense against the walls as they have no give, giving a higher BP and pulse pressure. This is due to arteriosclerosis, hypertension, and diabetes.
Systemic has more pressure because it has longer vessels and pulmonary less and it has less vasoconstriction. But, they have the same stroke volume, the left ventricle just has to pump harder
We spend more time in diastole when at rest, so it needs a bigger presence in the equation
Femoral and radial