Master this deck with 20 terms through effective study methods.
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A superconductor is a material that, when cooled below a certain temperature, exhibits zero electrical resistance, allowing electricity to flow without energy loss. They can create powerful magnetic fields and are used in applications like MRI machines and maglev trains.
Conductors are materials that allow electricity to flow easily due to the presence of free-moving electrons. They have low resistance and are commonly used in wiring, circuits, and power transmission.
Insulators are materials that do not allow electricity to flow easily because their electrons are tightly bound to their atoms. They have high resistance and are used to prevent electric shocks and short circuits.
A resistor is a component that limits the flow of electric current in a circuit. It is measured in Ohms and converts electrical energy into heat, commonly found in light bulbs and circuit boards.
A switch controls the flow of electricity in a circuit by opening (OFF) or closing (ON) the path. Common types include toggle switches, push-button switches, and rocker switches.
A variable resistor changes resistance to control the flow of electricity in a circuit. Examples include rheostats, which adjust current, and potentiometers, which control voltage.
Ohm's Law describes the relationship between voltage (V), current (I), and resistance (R) in a circuit, expressed as V = IR. It is essential for designing circuits safely and preventing overheating.
An ammeter is a device used to measure the electric current flowing through a circuit. It is connected in series and measures current in amperes, helping to determine if a circuit is functioning properly.
A multimeter is a versatile measuring instrument that can function as a voltmeter, ammeter, and ohmmeter. It is used for measuring voltage, current, and resistance in electrical circuits.
Power is the rate at which energy is used or produced, measured in watts (W). It can be calculated using the formula Power = Time x Energy.
The Law of Conservation of Energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another. The total energy before and after a transformation remains constant.
Efficiency measures how much useful energy is produced in a transformation compared to the total input energy, expressed as a percentage. No energy transformation is 100% efficient due to energy loss, usually as heat.
Electrical energy is the energy carried by moving electrons in a conductor. It powers devices such as lights, computers, and appliances.
Chemical energy is stored in the bonds of chemical compounds, such as food, fuel, and batteries. It is released during chemical reactions like combustion and digestion.
Thermal energy is the energy of heat caused by the motion of particles in matter. Increased particle motion results in a higher temperature.
A thermocouple is a device that converts thermal energy into electrical energy, made of two different metals joined at one end. It produces a small electric voltage when heated and is used in gas furnaces and temperature sensors.
Direct current (DC) is when electrons flow in one direction only, typically produced by batteries and solar cells. Alternating current (AC) involves electrons changing direction back and forth, commonly used in household electrical outlets.
Transformers are devices that increase or decrease voltage in an electrical circuit and work with alternating current (AC) only. They come in two types: step-up transformers, which increase voltage, and step-down transformers, which decrease voltage.
Electromagnetic induction is the process of generating electricity by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. This principle is fundamental in power generation methods such as hydro, wind, and coal plants.
A transistor is a semiconductor device that can amplify electrical signals or act as a switch in a circuit. It has three terminals: emitter, base, and collector, and is used in radios, computers, and digital circuits.