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These cultures based their social order on cacicazgo, which is a form of leadership by a chief or cacique.
More advanced cultures emerged during the superior formative period, characterized by federations of villages, with notable representatives like the Tairona and Muiscas.
This contact occurred around the year 1200, which contributed to the genetic diversity of Native Americans from pre-colonial Colombia to some Pacific islands.
The three stages are the Paleolithic (15,000-7,000 BC), the Andean Archaic period (7,000-2,000 BC), and the formative period (2,000 BC to the 16th century).
Artifacts dating back to 10,450 BC found in El Abra indicate that there were inhabitants in the Bogotá savanna around 10,500 BC.
Colombia's independence was declared on July 20, 1810.
Colombia has a total area of 1,141,748 square kilometers, making it the 25th largest country in the world.
The estimated population of Colombia in 2026 is approximately 53,474,637 inhabitants.
The capital and most populous city of Colombia is Bogotá.
The official language of Colombia is Spanish, with around 68 indigenous languages also recognized as co-official in their respective territories.
Colombia is a unitary, social, and democratic state with a presidential republic form of government.
The current president of Colombia is Gustavo Petro.
The currency used in Colombia is the Colombian Peso, abbreviated as COP.
The Muisca culture was significant for its large population and advancements in agriculture, calendar use, hieroglyphics, and religious rituals.
Colombia is the second most biodiverse country in the world, with 67,000 registered species.
Approximately 70% of Colombia's electricity is generated from hydroelectric sources.
Cacique refers to a chief or leader in indigenous cultures, particularly in the context of social organization among pre-Columbian societies.
European colonization significantly influenced Colombia's population, leading to a multicultural society that includes indigenous peoples, European settlers, and African descendants.
As of 2023, Colombia has a Gini coefficient of 53.9, indicating a high level of income inequality.
The name 'Colombia' derives from the Latin name of the explorer Christopher Columbus and reflects the country's historical ties to European exploration.
Colombia's legislative body consists of two chambers: the Chamber of Representatives and the Senate.