Bio comp

    Master this deck with 22 terms through effective study methods.

    Generated from uploaded handwritten-notes

    Created by @zzz

    What will happen to the sucrose concentration in a balloon filled with 30% sucrose when placed in a beaker with 80% sucrose?

    Sucrose will leave the balloon because the concentration of sucrose is higher in the beaker than in the balloon, leading to a net movement of sucrose out of the balloon.

    What is the process called that releases energy from food in the presence of oxygen?

    The process is called cellular respiration, which involves breaking down glucose using oxygen to release ATP.

    What are the overall inputs for cellular respiration?

    The overall inputs for cellular respiration are glucose and oxygen, which are necessary for the process to occur.

    What phenomenon explains why water sticks to your skin after swimming?

    This phenomenon is called adhesion, where water molecules cling to the surface of your skin due to intermolecular forces.

    What is the role of carrier proteins in cellular transport?

    Carrier proteins are used in both active and passive transport to hold onto molecules and change shape to shuttle them across the cell membrane.

    What happens when a balloon permeable to water is filled with 30% sucrose and placed in 80% sucrose solution?

    Water will leave the balloon because the concentration of sucrose is higher outside the balloon, leading to a net movement of water out of the balloon.

    What is hydrolysis in the context of polymers?

    Hydrolysis is the process where water is added to break down polymers into monomers, effectively reversing the process of dehydration synthesis.

    Which statement is not part of cell theory?

    The statement that all cells contain a nucleus is not part of cell theory, as some cells, like prokaryotes, do not have a nucleus.

    Which structure-function pair is mismatched?

    The cytoskeleton is mismatched as a transport system; it primarily provides structural support and shape to the cell rather than functioning as a transport system.

    What cellular function is likely affected by defective mitochondria with unfolded inner membranes?

    The Krebs cycle is likely to be adversely affected, as it occurs in the mitochondria and relies on the proper structure of the inner membrane for function.

    What type of bonds are present between carbon atoms in saturated fatty acids?

    Saturated fatty acids contain single bonds between carbon atoms, which allows them to be solid at room temperature.

    Why is water considered a polar molecule?

    Water is polar due to the high electronegativity of oxygen, which attracts more electrons, creating a partial negative charge on the oxygen and partial positive charges on the hydrogens.

    What property of water requires much heat to raise its temperature?

    Water has a high heat capacity, which means it can absorb a lot of heat before its temperature changes significantly.

    What is the function of water in photosynthesis?

    In photosynthesis, water supplies electrons in the light-dependent reactions, which are essential for the conversion of light energy into chemical energy.

    What causes water to remain slightly above the brim of a glass without spilling?

    This is due to hydrogen bonds holding multiple water molecules together, creating surface tension that prevents the water from spilling.

    What process is likely not functioning correctly if a cell is not producing enough G3P?

    The Calvin cycle is likely not working correctly, as it is responsible for converting carbon dioxide into G3P, a precursor for glucose.

    How much glucose must an organism utilizing fermentation consume compared to one using cellular respiration?

    An organism utilizing fermentation must consume approximately 18 times the amount of glucose to produce the same amount of ATP as one utilizing cellular respiration.

    What reaction releases energy for the cell?

    The removal of a phosphate group from ATP to form ADP releases stored chemical energy for the cell to use.

    What is the primary function of enzymes?

    Enzymes lower the activation energy required for a reaction to occur, thereby speeding up the rate of biochemical reactions.

    What is the difference between facilitated diffusion and simple diffusion?

    Facilitated diffusion involves particles moving through channel proteins in the cell membrane, while simple diffusion does not require such proteins.

    What are the products of the citric acid cycle per pyruvate?

    The products of the citric acid cycle per pyruvate are 3 CO2, 4 NADH, 1 FADH2, and 1 ATP.

    What correctly describes ribosomes?

    Ribosomes can be free or bound; free ribosomes synthesize proteins that function within the cytosol, while bound ribosomes are attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum and synthesize proteins for export.