Master this deck with 20 terms through effective study methods.
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Priming is a phenomenon where exposure to a stimulus influences a person's response to a subsequent stimulus. It occurs when a schema is activated, making it easier to access related information, especially in ambiguous situations.
Repetition priming refers to the improved recognition or response to a stimulus after it has been presented multiple times. This effect shows that prior exposure to a stimulus can enhance the speed and accuracy of processing it again.
The accessibility of a schema is influenced by how often it has been activated and how recently it was activated. The more frequently and recently a schema is called upon, the easier it becomes to access.
The primacy effect is the tendency to remember the first pieces of information presented about a person or concept better than subsequent information. This effect can significantly influence overall judgments and perceptions.
The recency effect is the phenomenon where the most recently presented information has a greater impact on a person's overall judgment. This effect highlights the importance of the order in which information is received.
Schemas shape our understanding of ourselves and others by organizing knowledge about traits, behaviors, and relationships. They influence how we perceive social situations and can affect our self-image and actions.
The configuratiemodel Asch describes how individuals form a coherent image of a person by integrating various characteristics into a Gestalt. This model emphasizes the interdependence of traits in shaping perceptions.
Top-down processing involves using existing knowledge and expectations to interpret new information, while bottom-up processing starts with raw data and builds up to a perception influenced by schemas.
The need for cognition refers to an individual's tendency to engage in and enjoy thinking deeply about complex issues. It contrasts with the need for certainty, which is the desire for clear and definite answers.
The negativity effect is the tendency for negative information to have a greater impact on perceptions and judgments than positive information. Negative elements are often noticed more quickly and deemed more significant.
First impressions are heavily influenced by salient characteristics such as gender, race, and appearance. These initial perceptions can shape how we interpret subsequent behaviors and information about a person.
Non-verbal behavior, including body language, facial expressions, and tone of voice, significantly influences how we perceive others. It often conveys more information than verbal communication and can affect our emotional responses.
Loss aversion is the psychological phenomenon where individuals prefer to avoid losses rather than acquiring equivalent gains. This bias can lead to risk-averse behavior and influence choices in uncertain situations.
Framing refers to the way information is presented, which can significantly affect perceptions and decisions. Different presentations of the same information can lead to different emotional responses and choices.
Context plays a crucial role in activating schemas, as it can determine which schema is most salient at a given moment. Environmental cues can trigger specific schemas, influencing our thoughts and behaviors.
Schemas can influence memory recall by shaping how we interpret and remember information. They can lead to biases in what we remember, often favoring information that aligns with our existing schemas.
The 'babyface' stereotype refers to the perception that individuals with youthful features are seen as more innocent, friendly, and trustworthy. This stereotype can influence social interactions and judgments.
Schemas not only influence our thoughts and perceptions but also guide our behaviors. They provide a framework for interpreting social situations and can dictate how we respond to others.
The need for certainty is the desire for clear and unambiguous information. Individuals with a high need for certainty may struggle with ambiguity and prefer to rely on established schemas to make sense of situations.
Cognitive structures are the mental frameworks that organize knowledge and experiences, which are often represented by schemas. These structures help individuals process information and make judgments about the world.