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    Master this deck with 25 terms through effective study methods.

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    Created by @mzalta

    What is Greenmail and why do companies use it?

    Greenmail is a strategy where a company pays off an acquirer to avoid a hostile takeover. Companies use it to maintain control and protect their interests from unwanted acquisitions.

    Explain the concept of a Straddle in options trading.

    A Straddle involves buying one call option and one put option for the same stock, with the same exercise price and expiration date. It is used when an investor expects significant price movement but is uncertain about the direction.

    What is a Strip in options trading and how does it differ from a Straddle?

    A Strip consists of two put options and one call option for the same stock, with the same exercise price and expiration date. It is used when an investor expects a significant downward movement in the stock price.

    Define a Strap in options trading and its purpose.

    A Strap is an options strategy that involves buying two call options and one put option for the same stock, with the same exercise price and expiration date. It is used when an investor anticipates a significant upward price movement.

    What is a Spread in the context of options trading?

    A Spread refers to the simultaneous buying and selling of options on the same underlying asset, differing in terms of time, exercise price, or expiration date. It is used to limit risk and enhance potential returns.

    How is Duration measured and what does it indicate?

    Duration is a measure of a bond's price sensitivity to changes in interest rates, expressed in years. It indicates how much the price of a bond is expected to change with a 1% change in interest rates.

    What does the term Horizon refer to in investment strategy?

    Horizon refers to the length of time an investor expects to hold an investment before liquidating it. It influences investment choices and risk tolerance.

    What is Immunization in the context of bond portfolios?

    Immunization is a strategy to protect a portfolio from interest rate risk by matching the duration of assets and liabilities, ensuring that the portfolio's value remains stable despite interest rate fluctuations.

    Explain Convexity and its significance in bond pricing.

    Convexity measures the curvature in the relationship between a bond's price and changes in interest rates. It accounts for non-linear price movements, providing a more accurate assessment of interest rate risk.

    What are Agency Bonds and what distinguishes them from other bonds?

    Agency Bonds are debt securities issued by government-sponsored entities or federal agencies, often with implied government backing. They typically offer lower yields compared to corporate bonds due to their perceived safety.

    What is a Discount Interest and how does it affect loan amounts?

    Discount Interest is interest that is deducted from the loan amount at the start, resulting in a lower initial loan disbursement. This affects the total amount the borrower receives upfront.

    How is Ordinary Interest calculated and what is its impact on loans?

    Ordinary Interest is calculated on the full principal balance of a loan. It impacts the total interest paid over the life of the loan, as it does not account for any reductions in principal.

    What is Bond Swapping and why might an investor engage in it?

    Bond Swapping involves replacing one bond with another to achieve better returns or tax advantages. Investors may engage in it to optimize their portfolios based on changing market conditions.

    Define Substitution Swap and its purpose in bond trading.

    A Substitution Swap involves swapping similar bonds to improve yields. It is used by investors to enhance returns while maintaining a similar risk profile.

    What is an Intermarket Spread Swap and how does it work?

    An Intermarket Spread Swap involves swapping bonds from different markets to exploit price differences, such as between treasuries and corporate bonds, aiming for profit from market inefficiencies.

    Explain the concept of a Rate Anticipation Swap.

    A Rate Anticipation Swap is a strategy where investors swap bonds based on expected changes in interest rates, allowing them to capitalize on anticipated market movements.

    What is Pure Yield Pickup and how does it benefit investors?

    Pure Yield Pickup refers to the strategy of swapping for higher-yielding bonds. It benefits investors by increasing their income without significantly altering their risk exposure.

    Describe the Liquidity Preference Theory and its implications for bond investors.

    The Liquidity Preference Theory posits that investors prefer short-term bonds due to lower risk. This preference influences interest rates and the yield curve, as investors demand higher yields for longer maturities.

    What is the Expectations Theory and how does it relate to interest rates?

    The Expectations Theory suggests that long-term interest rates reflect expectations of future short-term rates. It implies that the yield curve can indicate market expectations about future economic conditions.

    Define Preferred Habitat Theory and its relevance to bond investment.

    Preferred Habitat Theory posits that investors have specific maturity preferences based on their needs. This theory explains why certain maturities may have different yields, reflecting investor demand.

    What is a Call Option and how does it function in financial markets?

    A Call Option is a contract that allows the buyer to purchase an asset at a set price before a specified date. It provides the buyer with the right, but not the obligation, to buy the underlying asset.

    Explain the purpose of a Put Option in trading.

    A Put Option is a contract that allows the buyer to sell an asset at a set price before a specified date. It serves as a hedge against declining asset prices, providing downside protection.

    What is a Strike Price and why is it important in options trading?

    The Strike Price is the price at which the option holder can buy (call) or sell (put) the underlying asset. It is crucial for determining the profitability of the option at expiration.

    What role does the OCC (Options Clearing Corporation) play in options trading?

    The OCC facilitates the clearing and settlement of options trades, ensuring that transactions are processed efficiently and that both buyers and sellers fulfill their obligations.

    What does it mean for an option to be In the Money, At the Money, or Out of the Money?

    An option is In the Money when exercising it is profitable (e.g., for a call, stock price > strike price). It is At the Money when the strike price equals the current market price, and Out of the Money when exercising it would not be profitable.