Master this deck with 24 terms through effective study methods.
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An autoschema is a structure of knowledge about oneself based on personal experiences.
Autoschemas help individuals predict and interpret their own behaviors by providing a framework based on past experiences.
The 'self' refers to the mental representation of knowledge about oneself, encompassing various aspects of identity and self-perception.
Gallup's mirror experiment demonstrated self-awareness in animals, indicating the ability to recognize oneself as a distinct entity.
The reflected self suggests that individuals think about themselves in ways they believe others perceive them, shaping their self-concept.
Cultural influences on self-definition involve defining oneself through social relationships and community roles, contrasting with individualistic perspectives.
An individualistic self-concept is characterized by defining oneself through unique personal traits and individual achievements.
Social comparison involves distinguishing oneself from others, which can influence self-esteem and self-worth.
The sleeper effect refers to the increase in persuasive effectiveness of a message from an unreliable source over time.
The sleeper effect occurs due to the separation of the message content from its source, leading to a delayed acceptance of the message.
Hovland and Weiss were the researchers who studied the sleeper effect and its implications for persuasion.
Persuasion is the process of changing attitudes through external information and communication.
The central route involves deep analysis of arguments, while the peripheral route relies on superficial cues and heuristics.
The effect of source credibility diminishes over time, leading to the phenomenon known as the 'sleeping effect' where the message becomes more persuasive.
Attitudes serve various functions, including orientation, instrumental goals, expression of values, social adaptation, and ego defense.
The Fishbein model states that an individual's attitude (x) is the sum of the products of their beliefs (pi) about an object and the evaluations (oi) of those beliefs.
Emotions significantly influence attitude formation, as they contribute to the overall evaluation of an object or idea.
Classical conditioning occurs when a neutral object gains significance through its association with an emotional stimulus.
Instrumental conditioning strengthens positive attitudes through rewards and weakens negative attitudes through punishment.
The mere exposure effect suggests that frequent contact with a stimulus increases its acceptance and positive evaluation.
Robert Zajonc is a psychologist known for his research on the mere exposure effect, demonstrating how repeated exposure to stimuli enhances liking.
The theory of self-perception posits that individuals infer their attitudes by observing their own behaviors, especially when their attitudes are unclear.
Individuals rely on self-observation to infer attitudes when they do not remember their attitudes or when those attitudes are not well-defined.
Individuals do not infer attitudes from their behavior when their actions are strongly compelled by situational factors.