psych

    Master this deck with 24 terms through effective study methods.

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    What is the definition of an autoschema?

    An autoschema is a structure of knowledge about oneself based on personal experiences.

    How do autoschemas function in predicting behavior?

    Autoschemas help individuals predict and interpret their own behaviors by providing a framework based on past experiences.

    What is the concept of 'self' in psychology?

    The 'self' refers to the mental representation of knowledge about oneself, encompassing various aspects of identity and self-perception.

    What is the significance of the mirror experiment by Gallup?

    Gallup's mirror experiment demonstrated self-awareness in animals, indicating the ability to recognize oneself as a distinct entity.

    How does the reflected self influence personal identity?

    The reflected self suggests that individuals think about themselves in ways they believe others perceive them, shaping their self-concept.

    What are cultural influences on self-definition?

    Cultural influences on self-definition involve defining oneself through social relationships and community roles, contrasting with individualistic perspectives.

    What characterizes an individualistic self-concept?

    An individualistic self-concept is characterized by defining oneself through unique personal traits and individual achievements.

    What is the role of social comparison in self-perception?

    Social comparison involves distinguishing oneself from others, which can influence self-esteem and self-worth.

    What is the sleeper effect in persuasion?

    The sleeper effect refers to the increase in persuasive effectiveness of a message from an unreliable source over time.

    What causes the sleeper effect?

    The sleeper effect occurs due to the separation of the message content from its source, leading to a delayed acceptance of the message.

    Who conducted research on the sleeper effect?

    Hovland and Weiss were the researchers who studied the sleeper effect and its implications for persuasion.

    What is the definition of persuasion in psychology?

    Persuasion is the process of changing attitudes through external information and communication.

    What distinguishes the central route from the peripheral route in persuasion?

    The central route involves deep analysis of arguments, while the peripheral route relies on superficial cues and heuristics.

    What is the effect of source credibility on persuasion over time?

    The effect of source credibility diminishes over time, leading to the phenomenon known as the 'sleeping effect' where the message becomes more persuasive.

    What are the functions of attitudes in psychology?

    Attitudes serve various functions, including orientation, instrumental goals, expression of values, social adaptation, and ego defense.

    What is the Fishbein model of attitude formation?

    The Fishbein model states that an individual's attitude (x) is the sum of the products of their beliefs (pi) about an object and the evaluations (oi) of those beliefs.

    What role do emotions play in the formation of attitudes?

    Emotions significantly influence attitude formation, as they contribute to the overall evaluation of an object or idea.

    What is classical conditioning in the context of attitude formation?

    Classical conditioning occurs when a neutral object gains significance through its association with an emotional stimulus.

    How does instrumental conditioning affect attitudes?

    Instrumental conditioning strengthens positive attitudes through rewards and weakens negative attitudes through punishment.

    What is the mere exposure effect?

    The mere exposure effect suggests that frequent contact with a stimulus increases its acceptance and positive evaluation.

    Who is Robert Zajonc and what is his contribution to the study of exposure?

    Robert Zajonc is a psychologist known for his research on the mere exposure effect, demonstrating how repeated exposure to stimuli enhances liking.

    What is the theory of self-perception?

    The theory of self-perception posits that individuals infer their attitudes by observing their own behaviors, especially when their attitudes are unclear.

    When do individuals rely on self-observation to infer attitudes?

    Individuals rely on self-observation to infer attitudes when they do not remember their attitudes or when those attitudes are not well-defined.

    In what situations do individuals NOT infer attitudes from their behavior?

    Individuals do not infer attitudes from their behavior when their actions are strongly compelled by situational factors.