Master this deck with 56 terms through effective study methods.
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1897 Used cathode ray. BEam goes across. When opposute charges, beam attracts. Shows electrons/ negative charge.
1911. Gold foil exeriment. Some passed through some didnt. Shows dense nucleus in center of atom.
1913. Explained hydrogen spectrum. Electron energy levels. Electrons orbit nuleus.
Forms molecules consisting of 2 atoms of same element. HOFBrINCl.
Francium + Fluorine
Magnetic, similar chemical and physical properties, magnetic
Wide range of physical and chemical properties. Metals, nonmetals, metallids. Valence electrons on outer most shell. (First 2 columns, last 6)
Durable, resistance to corrosion. Gold, Silver, Copper.
Highly reactive, soft, low density+melting point, good conductor. (First column-hydrogen)
Soft, low density/melting point, highly reactive, good conductor, 2 valence electrons. (2nd column next to Alkalai)
Low melting/boiling point, colorless, oderless, unreactive. (Last column - last element)
Highly reactive, nonmetal, 7 valence eletrons, form salt. (2nd to last coumn- last element)
High melting point/density, good conductor, oxidation states. ( middle left side of table)
Soft, high melting/boiling points, highly reactive w/ water. Ionic radius steadily decreases. (Top row on bottom)
High density, Byrophoric(igniting spontaneously), man made. (Bottom row on bottom)
Good conductors, high melting/boiling, positively charged. (Both bottom rows, entire left side- hyrogen)
Properties opposite to metals, negative ions. ( right side- bottom row and staircse)
May behave like metals or non, controlled by changing conditions. (Staircase)
Atoms discovered, electrons discovered, nucleus discovered, electron cloud, energy levels
First 2 columns=s, 3-12=d, 13-18=p, bottom 2=f
Find total # of electrons, write orbitals w/ electrons lowest to highest, sum of superscripts should equal total # of electrons
s=2, p=6, d=10, f=14
1,2,3,6,4,7,5,8
An atom of an element with a mass different than other atoms of that element
Decimal Mass number on periodic table
Rounded mass on periodic table
multiply mass of object x % it takes up. Then add all #'s)
low w = high f ... high w= low f
Radio w, Micro w, Infrared r, Visible L, UV, X-Ray, Gamma R.
cycle/time
eV= 1.602x10^-19
divide by 100
wavelength= m ... frequency= Hz ... energy= J
3+ Energy level ... p= suborbital ... 10= # of electrons in suborbital
Each section needs 1 arrow per box before it can be repeated
Down a family= decreases (larger atomic radius weakening attraction) , across a period= increases (higher nuclear charge)
Down a family= increases (more shells) , Across a period= decreases (nucleus pulls electrons closer)
Down a family= decreses (larger atomic size), Across a period= increases (stronger nuclear pull)
1 MHz= 1,000,000 Hz
Energy required to remove an electron from atom
Use a noble gas and use periodic table
Magnitude of force changes based on distance
C
Gets smaller
Gets Greater
meters
Energy carried by a single photon
light emitted when atoms are excited and electrons fall from higher to lower energy levels
Atoms with a charge for chemical bonding. Imbalance between protons and electrons.
Down a family= decreses, across a period= increases
Pulling electrons in
Distance from nucleus to valance energy level
Atomic number
Protons
Atomic Mass- Atomic Number
Protons + Neutrons